Finding The Best Treasure From Energy Plantation Implementation Part 6

"It is He Who has brought down the rain from the sky for you, some of it has become a drink and some of it has grown up, the plants which are in your place of grazing your cattle. "(Qur'an 16:10)

"Eat and graze your animals. Verily in this, there are signs of the power of Allah for those who understand. "(Qur'an, 20:54)

"Muslims are syirkah (sharia business cooperation) to three things, in terms of pasture (land), water and fire (energy)". (HR. Sunan Abu Daud).

When Muslims practice the instructions above, the problem of food, energy and water will be overcome. Why is the problem of food, energy and water so chaotic now? It can even threaten a country's sovereignty. The answer is because muslims don't practice the instructions above. In the current era when the world is competing to lower the earth's temperature, the energy sector can be a strategic entry point. Energy from trees or wood which is also in line with the current Qur'anic guidance has become a world program because it is a carbon neutral fuel that does not increase CO2 levels in the atmosphere. Europe, for example with the proclaimed bioeconomy program, energy from biomass reaches 70%. Japan and Korea with renewable energy programs also need tens of millions of tons of biomass fuel. The United States through its Energy Department has announced the production of dry biomass of at least 1 billion tons in 2040 without damaging the environment. Canada with its climate plan has also targeted to eliminate or free coal and gas power plants in 2030. When Muslims practice these instructions, they will get a reward for their faith in Allah SWT and His Messenger, not just benefits worldly like environmental benefits and economic benefits.

Wood pellets are biomass processing products that are very popular today. Multipurpose energy plantations can be used for the production of woody biomass as raw material for the production of wood pellets. The export wood pellet market is mainly Japan and Korea, but both have their own characteristics. Designing a multipurpose energy plantation for production also requires its own techniques, for more details can be read here. With Syirkah (sharia business cooperation) it is very likely that this potential can be realized. Then what if the Muslims do not want to be syirkah (sharia business cooperation)? First, obviously it will be very difficult to capture these opportunities. Second, the problem of food, energy and water will be controlled by non-Muslims, and Muslims will only be spectators and consumers, similar to today's conditions. Third, when the important matters of food, water and energy are not in the hands of the Muslims, the people are not self-sufficient and easily broken down and so on. Migration from fossil economics to bioeconomy is the right momentum for the economic awakening of the muslims people. The domestic wood pellet market also needs to be created and developed continuously. It is not impossible when the production of biomass fuels, especially wood pellets is massive, the role of renewable energy from biomass becomes dominant. Especially at this time Indonesia has also become the nett importer of petroleum. Petroleum produced domestically is not enough to meet the consumption of its population.

Sheep farming and honey bees integrated with energy plantations will provide optimal added value. The undeveloped and organized sheep producers in Indonesia makes the contribution in the economic sector still minimal. For example, in a country with a majority of non-Muslims such as the United States, there is a sheep association namely the American Sheep Industry Association (ASI), which has about 83,000 sheep producers. In addition to a number of pastures both in the area of ??fruit trees or food crops, such as coconut plantations, mango plantations, guava and so on are ideal locations for sheep farming, the grasslands are in forest areas whose main products are wood such as mahogany, sengon and so on are also very good. In reference to Alberta, Canada's local Ministry of Environmental Protection has used tens of thousands of sheep to control hairy grasses that block the growth of weed grass in the area. Sheep include livestock that are resistant to a number of plants that are considered toxic, like furry plants which are a kind of weed and poisonous to cattle. So because of its ability in Texas and Southwest sheep is also used to control a number of species of weeds that attack grass habitat.

Maintaining a minimum of 3 inch (7.5 cm) grass is an important factor in pasture

Grazing techniques in Indonesia may have its own characteristics, this is because Indonesia has a tropical climate, while most big sheep producers are currently in subtropical climates. But it is precisely in this tropical region that sheep farming should have an ideal place for grazing, because it refers to the above Qur'anic instructions (Qur'an 16:10). Rotation grazing is the best way to get the best quality and quantity of meat. Milk, wool and leather are also other products produced from sheep farms which are also very much needed by Indonesia at this time. The speed of grass to recover in the rainy season is much faster than the dry season. But because excessive rain can cause the sheep to get sick and die, the pasture duration during the rainy season can be accelerated, but with shorter rotations and more sheep in the cage. Whereas in the dry season the way of grazing is the opposite. A good irrigation will keep the green-green grass in the dry season. In the current era to get water for irrigation a number of ways can be taken. In addition to flowing water from mountain water sources or blocking the flow of rivers, other methods such as making wells and water are raised and used on these plantations and farms. A number of technologies can be used to generate electricity for pump energy that raises water from the well, for example solar energy with solar PV, wind energy, biomass energy with gasification, stirling engine and ORC (organic rankine cycle).

Sheep grazing with cattle has also been shown to give positive results. This is because the two types of livestock have different grazing habits, for example sheep like broadleaf grass, while cows like narrow leafy grass. Sheep and cattle grazing can be done simultaneously or at different times. Pastures is also better, because all grasses are eaten by sheep and cattle, evenly. If the grassland is not grazed evenly, the quality of the grass will also decrease. Certain types of grass become favorites for sheep so that this type will be eaten more, even run out. Grass with such conditions becomes difficult to grow well again. Pastoral care as well as agricultural fields must be maintained to continue to produce these livestock feeds. Another important indication that this joint grazing gives more positive results, it's from a number of studies carried out in various locations in the world that with sheep grazing with cattle (mixed grazing), sheep weight gain is around 10% than just sheep grazing and an increase in cow weight around 25% compared only cow grazing.

Honey bee farming is another additional effort to improve the optimization of land use and help pollinate a variety of plants. There are many types of honey bees, the consideration of choosing the type of honey bee is also based on the cultivation technique and the honey production. Local honey bees are generally more easily cultivated such as the genus Trigona (stingless bee). Wood pellets, sheep, (plus cows) and honey are products that integrate energy plantations with farms of sheep and honey bees. This is the current opportunity, especially for Muslims to boost and accelerate their economic growth by means of the syirkah like the Prophet's hadith above. When the bioeconomy in Europe is targeted to drive the economic sector by € 2 trillion (34,000 trillion or 17 times the Indonesian state budget) and the absorption of 20 million workers, then Indonesia with biggest country in South Ast Asia, the bioeconomy in the tropics are based on integration these energy plantations and farms should also be very large. The Netherlands, which has an area about the size of East Java, targets 2.6-3 billion Euros (around 50 trillion rupiah) from its bioeconomy sector. Of course more important than all of this is our faith and devotion to Allah SWT so that the blessings from heaven and earth will be bestowed:

"If the inhabitants of these countries have faith and piety, surely We will bestow upon them blessings from heaven and earth, but they deny (Our verses), We will punish them for their actions." (Surat al-A ' raf: 96)

Converting Rubber Plantation into Energy Plantation

The fall of rubber prices was followed by the omission until the logging of the plantations. These rubber plantations become damaged and even bare and provide no benefit and even potentially catastrophic. Farmers and rubber entrepreneurs would want to recover even if it could be better about the condition of their previous income hangs from the rubber. It is very likely to be done if they are willing to do it. One of them is by converting the rubber plantation into an energy plantation. What kind of energy plantation should be sought? The multipurpose energy plantations so it can provide many benefits and respite from various obstacles. For more details about the multipurpose energy plantation, can be read here.

Just like the food sector, energy demand is also increasing along with population growth. With Indonesia's population reaching 260 million, energy demand is also very big, especially with export market demand driven by climate improvement efforts by lowering the temperature of the earth or reducing the concentration of CO2 in the atmosphere, the energy needs, especially renewable energy, more specifically the biomass fuel will also be very big. Wood pellets are very popular biomass fuels and include carbon neutral because they do not increase the concentration of CO2 in the atmosphere. The problem of expensive and scarce energy of 3 kg LPG gas in many areas in Indonesia should also be overcome with the wood pellet.

Currently rubber plantations in Indonesia have an area of ​​3.4 million hectares or ranked no. 1 of the world followed by Thailand as the second rank with 2 million hectares, and is potential to be converted into a multipurpose energy plantation. In addition to producing wood as a source of energy as a main product and managed sustainably, energy plantation is also able to sheep farming that produce meat with very economical. Honey bee farming can also enrich and provide additional attractive income.

The Multipurpose Energy Plantation

Experience is the best teacher, so the saying goes. So is the problem of renewable energy, especially biomass-based, some of them are the failure of biodiesel production program from jatropha curcas, as well as bioethanol from cassava and sugarcane which is also tragic because it also failed. We need to review and analyze the root causes of the failure so that the failure is not repeated again. In the jatropha energy plantation for biodiesel feedstocks the productivity of jatropha seeds is small and can not compete with diesel oil in the market. In addition, Jatropha leaves can not be used for livestock feeds, whereas if its woody biomass are harvested for energy sources other than the amount is not much, it will also clearly disturb the productivity of the seeds, as its main product.

Jathropa

Cassava

While on the production of bioethanol from cassava and sugarcane there was a conflict of interest between food and energy sector. Go to the Qur'an should be a reference and a guide to the problem, which can be read here. Imports of Indonesia's sugar is currently still 1.3 million tons while for tapioca is still imported with a range of 1 million tons. This means to meet the food sector whose priority is more important is still lacking then for the energy sector of course worse. But it is still a good idea that the conflict of interest between food and energy is not to cause a riot like what happened in Mexico for a time known as Tortila melee. Learning from the case of failures, should not make us retreat back and even in the era of bioeconomy will be the greater portion of energy from the plants both trees and seasonal crops.

So how is the solution to be able to rise from past failures and have a significant role in this era of bioeconomy? The Qur'an again give us guidance that energy comes from trees and fruits. More details about it can be read here and here. A practical example of a multipurpose energy plantation coming from trees is the solution. The trees include leguminoceae group capable of producing within a short period of time with high woody biomass productivity of 1 year only, and no replanting required up to 20 years. In addition to these trees also produce leaves rich in protein so it is good for animal feed also roots are able to bind the nitrogen so fertilize the soil. Stages of wood pellet production from energy plantation can be read here.

Wood pellets produced can also multipurpose, that is in addition to use for fuel in the power plants and boilers, can also be a household fuel for cooking. In addition to environmental problems such as climate change due to atmospheric CO2 concentration that has exceeded the threshold, it turns out the problem of fuel scarcity, especially LPG (Propane) occurs in many areas in Indonesia. The problem of LPG scarcity is triggering social problems because people who are already dependent on the fuel, become unprepared with the other kind of fuel. The wood stoves have been abandoned, if there is any availability of firewood is also limited, especially for the rainy season. Wood pellets can be the solution to the problem, moreover there have been many efficient wood pellet stoves with almost no smoke pollution.

When calculated with the price of LPG the price of wood pellets is also cheaper, ie with the same calorific value of two and a half kg of wood pellet (value of 4,400 kcal / kg) at a price of Rp 3750, - while one kilo of LPG (11,000 kcal / kg) Rp 6000, - Savings that can be done Rp 2250 / kg or 37.5% which means more than a third. In addition, the use of wood pellets is also more safe, will not explode as well as LPG. The damaged hose and then the gas leak caused a lot of explosion. Storage of wood pellets is also as easy as storing rice. With small packings such as 5 kg or 10 kg, the use of wood pellets is more practical and easy to distribute. In conclusion: multipurpose energy plantation with leguminoceae trees will provide many benefits, mainly energy, then sheep farming to increase soil fertility. Even further, the Qur'an in Surat Yaasiin verse 33 mentions the leguminoceae trees a pioneering plant that can revive dead lands.

Go Biomass, Go Bioeconomy!

"Verily in the creation of the heaven and the earth, and the alternation of night and day there are signs for the intelligent (ulil albab). Those who remember Allah while standing or sitting or lying down and they are thinking about the creation of the heaven and the earth - (then say) 'Our God, you have not created this in vain, Glory to You, so guard us from the torment of hell ". (Qur'an Surah 3: 190-191)

Energy is at the foundation of various economic activities. To heat, cool, illuminate, communication and various computer systems, transportation, mechanical work always requires energy. Currently most of the energy comes from fossil fuels that are bad for the environment in the form of rising carbon dioxide (CO2) concentration which causes climate change and global warming problems. In addition, the fossil fuel in value is also unsustainable because of its limited resources, so the key words of energy development for the present and future is sustainability. In the Qur'an Surah An Naba '(78): 13, Allah SWT makes the sun a light or source of energy for the universe, then makes rain from the cloud (QS 78: 14) and And with that rain water God cultivates grains and plants (QS 78: 15) as well as shady gardens (QS 78: 16).

Mauna Loa Observatory: 1959 recorded CO2 concentration of 316 ppm, and in 2013 has reached 400 ppm or increased 27% in the period of half a century. It also means 50% higher before the industrial revolution era

Sunlight as a source of energy for the universe so that the temperature of the earth can be maintained and various life processes can run. Including fossil energy is also derived from various plants that photosynthetic in the past. Extracting solar energy as energy has become a human concern nowadays. In what way should humans extract the sun's energy? It is by using trees through its photosynthetic process for biomass production. In fossil energy, geological processes have made it concentrated and become a rich deposit, while in renewable energy the presence of sunlight becomes very vital. Even from the existence of various trees then the springs will appear and then into rivers. The question is where on earth the location can get abundant sunflow and continuously throughout the year? Tropical areas like Indonesia is the location so that the photosynthetic process can run with the optimal nature and for more details can be read here. Then why is the Muslim-majority Indonesia with a vast land area with abundant sunfloods not also have a meaningful role in the era of bioeconomy with renewable energy, especially biomass as its main commodity? Does not Allah SWT also command us to prosper the earth (Qur'an Surah 11:61)? Let's reflect together.

In the midst of energy efficiency, the projected global energy consumption continues to increase, with an increase of 1.5% annually from 2012 to 2035. Renewable energy, especially biomass, is significantly increased, ie, twice the growth of nuclear energy and more than three times the growth of hydro energy. While the growth of fossil energy consumption is only about 1/6 of this. This shows the era of bioeconomy increasingly open. The woody biomass of the trees has been a source of energy for society since ancient times and in the era of bioeconomy turned history over. The United States currently uses 1% of wood biomass for electricity production and 2% in the industrial sector. Even recently America through its energy department (The US Department of Energy) proclaimed a dry biomass production of at least 1 billion tonnes by 2040 and the mission has also encouraged its neighbor Canada to develop a similar program. While Finland and Sweden have even reached almost 1/5 of the energy sector using wood biomass that is for the production of electricity and heat sources. In contrast to Italy, known as the largest wooden biomass user for the household sector on space heating, for more detail can be read here. While in Asia, Japan and Korea are the two countries that pioneered massive wood biomass. Korea with RPS (Renewable Portfolio standard) proclaimed since 2012 has targeted the use of 20% wood biomass by 2020. Japan after the Fukushima nuclear plant tragedy in 2011 has also encouraged the use of wood biomass for its energy source. In general large countries have included biomass as its energy policy or commonly known as bioeconomy. How about Indonesia? Despite having a strategic position on the equator and wide available land but the vision of biomass energy in Indonesia has not been encouraging, because it only occupies 3% portion in its energy mix. Wood pellets are a very popular form of wood biomass energy today because they are efficient and easy to use and store. Wood pellet production process technology can be read here.

Basically there is a lot of energy that can be generated from biomass and all the energy from fossils can also be generated from biomass because of the similarity of the constituent chemical elements. Why are biomass constituent chemical elements the same as fossils? Back again because of the origin of the fossil from biomass and as described in the verses of Allah SWT in the series QS 78 above. Only in practice not all the biomass is currently processed into energy such as fossil diverse including various chemicals, this is because in general is still constrained technical and economical. In terms of shape of energy include solid, liquid and gas types, such as wood chips, wood pellets, wood briquette, torrified wood, charcoal in solid form, and bioethanol and biodiesel in liquid form and biogas and syngas on gas form. And more important that the use of trees as a source of biomass for energy in accordance with the Qur'an and for more details please read here. By remembering Allah SWT by standing or sitting or lying down and they are thinking about the creation of the heaven and the earth (QS 3: 190-191) is certainly not just a winner in the bioeconomy era but further increasing iman and taqwa to Him that gives the world and akhirat (hereafter). For those interested in discussing and facilitating this opportunity so that it is implemented please write email: eko.sbs@gmail.com

The Largest Producer of Biomass, That Is Equatorial Region

Indonesia is a country through which the equator is passed so become tropical climate with the sun shining all year long with an average of 12 hours each day. The number of volcanoes that are widely spread in various islands make the soil is also fertile. Moreover, with high rainfall of 2700 mm / year or three times higher than the world average of only 900 mm / year makes Indonesia is also ideal for agriculture and plantations of various types of plants. Indonesia's rainfall is higher than India (1,080 mm), America (715 mm), China (645 mm), Brazil (1,750 mm), Argentina (591 mm) and even Thailand (1,625 mm). Only two of our neighbors are able to surpass the Indonesian rainfall of Malaysia (2,875 mm) and Papua New Guinea (3,140). In fact, we should be even more grateful when compared to countries such as Jordan (111 mm), Qatar (74 mm), Saudi Arabia (59 mm) and Egypt who only get 51 mm rainfall per year. Biomass production for energy is also optimal with these climatic conditions. A carbon neutral scenario using biomass as a fuel to reduce and even replace coal has been widely implemented and even has become a state policy, such as Japan, Korea, China and some countries in Europe. In the near future many countries are expected to implement similar programs or policies. Integration of energy plantation and livestock for optimization of land use can be done under the scenario of 5F Project For The World!.

Empirically with the climatic conditions of Indonesia, that lies at the equator makes woody biomass production quicker significantly. The process of photosynthesis with sunshine throughout the year is a factor in accelerating the growth and production of biomass of these woody biomass. Energy plantations should be made in many parts of Indonesia, that because the large amount of land available. Based on the factors above short rotation crops such as calliandra and gliricidae within 1 year, it can be harvested in Indonesia with the same amount of poplar and willow grown in the sub-tropical country for 4 years. A real difference, of course. Based on the analysis of energy plantations also provide greater profit compared to oil palm plantations, more further can be read here.

Indonesia is also very potential as the world's largest producer of wood pellets. Wood pellet production with energy plantations or trees is also very much in line with the concept of Islam. The fulfillment or self-sufficiency of food, energy and water needs is the long-term goal of the 5F Project For The World. Once again the potential of Indonesia is remarkable as the world's largest biomass producer, so the "green" earth will be the target of today and future renewable energy entrepreneurs.

Take a Look PKS Closer

Most of the PKS (palm kernel shell) are currently only bedded on an open yard (stockpile) for storage. These conditions make it very affected by weather conditions. When the hot weather on the outside of the PKS pile is dry, but the inside is still wet. PKS bed can usually reach a height of more than 5 meters. The higher the bed will be more difficult to reach the conditions inside. When the rain conditions on the outside of the pile become wet, but the inside drier. What happens to the PKS bed in both rain and hot weather?

As an organic material, biomass can also decompose either by physics, biology or chemistry. All biomass is no exception include PKS will decompose over time emmit some toxic gas and reduce oxygen concentration, such as carbon monoxide (CO), carbon dioxide (CO2), and methane (CH4). As a product or commodity to be sold then the decline in quality and quantity due to the decomposition process as much as possible to be avoided. Good handling from PKS collection, cleaning and storage will minimize the decomposition.

Biological decomposition that mainly occurs in the pile of the PKS. A number of organic materials as PKS impurities such as fibers, oils and so on will be easy to decompose biologically. Microbial activity in the PKS bed encourages the fermentation of organic matter. The softer and higher water content of the organic material will be decomposed biologically quickly, namely the fermentation. PKS itself is a hard material with high lignin content so it is not easily fermented in a short time. So how about a pile of PKS that is left for months and even years? What microbial activity happens? And how much the decline in quality and quantity?

In compost production, the production of CH4 or methane is usually related to biomass anaerobic decomposition, whereas CO2 is more in aerobic decomposition. The higher the temperature the CO / CO2 ratio is also greater. As the temperature increases, both CO2 and CH4 are also increasing, and CH4 becomes larger than CO2 at higher temperatures.

Comparison with wood pellets
In comparison, namely with the storage of wood pellets. The similarity of PKS with wood pellets is the same biomass fuel that has nearly equal calorific value and can be pourable so it is possible for automatic feeding with very accurate calibration. Wood pellets are made or produced by densification of wood powder in general the size of sawdust with a moisture content of 10%, being 10-30 mm in length and 6-12 mm in diameter. Wood pellets should be stored in a dry space and protected from water / rain. Storage of wood pellets in large quantities ie at a capacity level of 30,000 tons and above, can cause its own problems.

Storage of large bulk wood pellets above proved to generate harmful and self-heating gas emissions. Resins in the form of sugars and organic compounds in the wood through the wood pellet production process, begin to break during shipping storage. Wood pellet producers must prepare the best product so that acceptable buyers across oceans satisfactorily. Preparation of raw materials in the form of natural wood drying after being felled is being tested to minimize gas and heat emissions during storage. The reason behind the method is that wood tends to have varying water content every year, so that natural wood drying will reduce the breakup of chemical compounds in wood chips and sawdust. The spontaneous heat from wood chip and sawdust piles resulted from the oxidation of unsaturated fatty acids (unsaturated fatty acids) and other extractives.

A cargo ship carrying wood pellets in closed room reportedly detected a concentration of carbon monoxide (CO) of about 1% (10,000 ppm) on the 18th day after loading (loaded). The oxygen concentration at that time also became less than 1% and the carbon dioxide emissions from the wood pellet pile were 100-885 mg / ton / day. And it is well known that high concentrations of carbon monoxide (CO) are very dangerous and should be avoided. An analysis says that the gas is formed from auto-oxidation of fat and fatty acids in the wood, but the factors driving the gas production are not fully known.

A fatal accident occurred at the port of Rotterdam in 2002 and the port of Helsingborg in 2006 contained safety issues of serious concern. Plus fatal accidents happen again in Finland and Germany, safety issues become increasingly prominent. Carbon monoxide poisoning (CO) has killed 5 people and severe brain injury for some people. In 2005 IMO (International Maritime Organization) also incorporated wood pellets as a hazardous material due to the formation of carbon monoxide (CO) gas that causes oxygen deficiency. Instruments such as oxygen-meter or CO-meter detection or instrumentation are required for the crew or personnel dealing with the wood pellets.

Aeration with inserting the adequate air (ambient water) in the pile of wood pellets into a solution for storage of wood pellets. The purpose of wood pellets aeration is to cool the pellets, regulate the temperature on the pile of pellets, prevent biological heating on wet pellets, circulate gas emissions, and eliminate odors generated from gas emissions. The speed of chemical reactions deterioration or decline in quality becomes very slow and sometimes insignificant at low temperatures. The increase in chemical reaction is noticeable every 10 ° C temperature increase, so keeping it at a low temperature is essential in wood pellets storage.

PKSThe PKS pile in open spaces does not pose any significant problems with harmful gas emissions. This is because the harmful gas emissions soon break down in the atmosphere because it is in open space. While the heat will cause safety problems for workers who manage the pile of the PKS. The higher the bed and the more organic impurities the higher the oxidation and fermentation rate. The temperature in the pile becomes higher, reaching 70 - 80 C so it is quite hot exposed skin or feet. The PKS manager often inserts water to cool the temperature in the pile. PKS quality will be biologically damaged if the fermentation process runs for a long time, ie 6 months or more. Entering the water will cool the pile temperature which also means decreasing the speed of the fermentation reaction. Maintaining the condition of the PKS bed remains also important to maintain the quality and quantity of the PKS. The content of nitrogen (N) elements in the PKS can also be used as a benchmark of how big the degree of fermentation in the particular PKS and biomass fuel in general. Ultimate analysis in the laboratory can be to know the chemical elements in the biomass. Nitrogen (N) standards should be listed for biomass fuels which, according to the European Standard (CEN), are grouped from less than 0.3% to groups above 3%.

In addition, PKS managers also often aerate by flipping through the pile with heavy mechanical devices such as backhoe. Aeration will also lower the temperature of the bed due to fermentation other than that by flicking it in the presence of heat of the sun will dry or decrease the water content of the PKS. Basically the two methods above are used to maintain the quality and quantity of PKS and that is not less important is the safety.

Popularizing Wood Briquette For Renewable Fuels and Environmentally Friendly

The title of the utilization of renewable energy and environmentally friendly, has a bustling decorate various print and electronic media at this time. Availability of fossil energy are dwindling and unsustainable become a major driving force to give attention to renewable energy. Over time by increasing energy needs, it is inevitable renewable energy will become a mandatory requirement in time. Lignocellulose biomass such as woody is an abundant source that is easily obtainable as well as easily cultivated to the sustainability of their supply. Facts about the low use of renewable energy such as biomass can be viewed from a number of factors, including environmental awareness is still low, including letting productive lands without results even tend to occur desertification, lack of awareness of self or sovereign in the energy sector as one of the vital needs, the lack of or the lack of mastery of technology for renewable energy production and utilization resulting in the inability to see the potential of biomass is very large in tropical areas like our country.

Wood briquette is a product compaction (densification) biomass. Compared to wood pellets, wood briquette is also less popular and production not as much wood pellets. Technically wood briquette quality is not inferior to wood pellets, because in general the density of wood briquette is higher than wood pellets. In addition to the surface of wood briquette also occurr partial carbonized that makes it easy ignited. The large size of wood briquette makes it not easy to flow or be poured as well as wood pellets, which could be a factor that makes wood briquette less desirable. Basically wood briquette similar to wooden sticks as firewood used for cooking, with a density of approximately 2 times the hardwood so to burn is also not a difficult thing. Some furnaces are accustomed to using firewood will easily adjust to the wood briquette. 

Wood briquette is also less publicity than wood pellets, so wood pellets usually more popular. The use of wood pellets for various industries also have started to bloom as in the tea industry for the process of withering and drying the tea leaves themselves. The content of anthraquinone also be very low when using wood pellets as fuel for the process so that it can be accepted by European market in particular. Characteristics of wood pellets which can bulk this is what makes many selected.

Basically wood briquette also has the same functionality, only slight modifications to the furnace may be needed due to the large size. Resume biobriquette or wood briquette application can be read here. The use of wood briquette and mastery of production technology should be easier to do. Wood briquette has a longer produced in various regions in Indonesia, more than 20 years ago as an intermediate product in the production of sawdust charcoal briquette. Fabrication or manufacture of equipment for wood briquette production also has a 100% have been able to be produced in the country, in contrast to wood pellets that most of its production equipment is still imported.

In addition to the woody biomass waste, plantation waste such as empty fruit bunches of palm oil is also good potential compacted into pellets or briquettes. In the palm oil mill the energy needs both heat and electricity in general have been able to be satisfied by the mesocarp fiber and palm kernel shell. Palm Kernel shell even many left, and they can be sold because it can be directly used for fuel and could bulk as well as wood pellets. Large palm oil industry does not only produce crude palm oil or CPO (crude palm oil) but with a range of derivative products or purification/refinery to increase the added value of the CPO will need a lot of energy for the production process. Picture below about purification scheme (refinery) CPO to produce a wide range of derivative products. 

EFB briquettes as a source of energy that CPO refinery. A palm oil mill operations are efficient and zero waste with optimal utilization of wastes for energy resources could have done well with the above-mentioned mechanism. The ash from burning briquettes that are rich in potassium (K) also can be levied which will be used for organic fertilizer on palm plantations.

5F Project For The World!

At least there 7F which became an essential material needs of the people throughout the world, namely Food, Fuel, Fiber, Fodder, Feedstock, Fertilizer, and Favor. 7F became the theme of a variety of warm conversation around the world today to be pursued to find a variety of scenarios to solve the problems associated 7F. The problem of food for example, according to WHO, nearly 1/3 of the world's population or approximately 2 billion people suffer from hunger, even in the FAO country report headline sharper again, that there are 60 million people "... go bed hungry every night ..." in Southeast Asia and almost a third in Indonesia or nearly 20 million people, this is certainly a serious problem to be solved immediately. The complex issue because it involves multidimensional human life.

In this paper, at least I offer scenarios 5F namely fuel (energy), Food, Fodder (forage), Fiber (clothing) and Fertilizer to optimize the potential of land or land available in Indonesia and hopefully can implemented in the near future. In Indonesia a lot of common soilwere damaged or barren, arid even die and some have even begun to happen desertification of not utilized properly. Soil barren damaged or even die must be repaired first if people want to get the food from it. Then how to improve even revive the dead land? Allah SWT gave instructions in the Qur'an : Yaasiin (36): 33, which revive the dead land with use leguminocea plants, it turned out to be in line and supported by numerous scientific studies and has been tested in the fields. Then in the Qur'an :Yaasiin (36): 80 Allah SWT also mentioned energy source from green trees, it is reinforcing the wood of a kind of green plants such as Calliandra species as an energy source for wood pellets production.

There are so many types of plants this legumiceae, ie more than 19,000 species and should be selected which are most suitable according to the characteristics of the area and the specific objectives to be achieved. When the plants grown in dead soil, leguminocea plants then with the rain water will grow and further bind nitrogen (N) from the air and stored in a nitrogen nodules of these plants that enrich the soil as it becomes fertilizer. Calliandra is just one example of the Leguminoceae plants. When soil was broken even been dying to be repaired and able to produce 5F (Fuel, Food, Fodder, Fiber and Fertilizer) above, the calliandra could be one option. Calliandra crop rotation is fast, ie within one year can be harvested and can grow from the its shoots up for decades so it does not need to be replanted every year.

When planting calliandra then the place for sheep grazing with eat the grass on the sidelines calliandra plants, and wood of Calliandra are used for the production of wood pellets (fuel), and the leaves of calliandra plants are used to feed cattle, cows dung used for biogas production, residual biogas production will be organic fertilizer, and feathers sheep into textile materials that are expensive. Calliandra plantation would also be fertile because the sheep are dropping feces and urines into fertilizer at the plantation. Sheep manures are very good fertilizer, following chemical composition: Nitrogen (N) 2.03%; Phosphorous (P) 1.42%; Potassium (K) 1.61%; Calcium (Ca) 2.45%; Magnesium (Mg) 0.62%; Manganese (Mn) of 0.49%; Iron (Fe) 2.19%; Copper (Cu) and 0.02% Zinc (Zn) 12:22%. Thus the enrichment of the soil in addition to bind nitrogen by the roots of calliandra tress will also be accelerated with sheep drop the dungs on it. And each of at least 6 months fleece the sheep are sheared fleece that will be generated as a textile material. In wood harvesting, the leaves caliandra collected to feed the cows, when the leaves remaining much then can be processed further as fermentation so as to spare the future when the supply of food from the plantation can be disrupted or can be commercialized. The woods is then further processed into wood pellets. Wood pellets have a large market share as a fuel or energy. From the environmental aspects of the carbon balance will also give the best effect for the environment because fuel biomass is carbon-neutral fuels.

Calliandra cropping pattern that is generally 1 x 1m, so that enough space including for sheep grazing, or type of pasture are precision grazing. Land to pasture, the sheep in the calliandra plantation insulated to a certain extent depend on topography factors , roads access, woods harvest rotation system and the best grazing radius. For thousands of hectares of land could be made a lot of posts or units to take the sheep grazing. The above pattern will make the soil or land becomes very productive, and certainly if there are many people who do well then crises will be inevitable human needs, let alone there are millions of hectares of land or land in Indonesia abandoned. Sheep as well as the cows will be marketed to those in need both domestically and abroad. Saudi Arabia for example require 8 million sheep, and ¼ of its needs in the Hajj season. Besides freighter sheep graziers will come to them when they are able to provide 20,000 head each delivery (shipment).

So how after the soil fertile? Of course it could be used for a variety of trees more profitable as fruit trees and so forth. Calliandra trees can be harvested well for more than 20 years in every year and without the need for replanting every year. We take 15 years for example, then during the same line with lifetime machines of wood pellet plant in general. Thus practically at that time continued to productive land with a variety of crops with good management and sustainable. If after that too continue with calliandra tress to be used also the result will be the maximum that's because the good management. Calliandra plants is a pioneer or pioneer plant species so it is suitable for soil improvement that damaged or die.

That Muslims should also syirkah (cooperation) in the management of land (grassland or sources of food, water and fire (energy source), it is clear the the direction of the Prophet Muhammad: "The Muslims were syirkah (cooperation) in three ways, in terms of pasture, water and fire "(HR. Sunan Abu Daud). Water management is always in need of land, the trees need land for a place to grow so that it can help absorb water, water source (spring) emergence of surface soil, then to be able to manage our water must also have access to land management. What are the consequences if we do not want syirkah (cooperation)? Sources of livelihood are our primary form of food, water and energy will be managed by others and people become dependent on the fulfillment of the primary needs. When we are not self-sufficient in terms of basic needs, we can easily be misled in a variety of other matters..