Although the carbon neutral scenario
does not reduce greenhouse gas concentrations in the atmosphere, but with this
scenario does not add more greenhouse gases in the atmosphere. The use of carbon
neutral fuel from biomass is the concrete step. Gradually the role of the biomass fuel usage is improved
and strengthened with the support by the state regulations. A number of
countries have dared to take an ambitious policy for the utilization of biomass
in the massive scale. Confidence factor such as the solution to the
environmental problems of climate change and global warming, depletion of
fossil fuel reserves, the image of an environment friendly country that will be
known the world , and the economy are driving some of those countries to
implement the policy.
For Asia, South Korea has started
using biomass massively with the officially issued the Renewable Portofolio Standard (RPS) in Korea in 2012. The regulation state that 2% of the
electricity shall come from renewable energy. Percentage of renewable energy
needs will increase in incremental reach 10% in 2022. Another driving force is
the emissions trading scheme which will be issued in January 2015. Whereas in
Japan the energy strategy to be the hit of nuclear reactors has since abandoned
some time ago. The actual strategy including the manufacture of power plants
with the composition of nuclear and renewable energy from 30% to 70% until
2030. Japan with a population about half the residents of Indonesia but its
energy consumption 5 times in Indonesia. Japan is also targeting production of
energy from biomass power plants with a capacity of 1100 MW until 2020. As for
the use of renewable energy have a target to reduce Japan's emissions of CO2 by
1990 levels by 2030. While China has a goal to use the 11.4% from non-fossil
fuels from primary energy consumption in 2015. Its CO2 emissions will be
reduced by as much as 17%. The Target reduction of CO2 emissions by as much as
40-45% by 2020 to reach such a level in 2005. In Europe, with a target of
20-20-20 has prompted demand especially for biomass pellets fuel. Target
20-20-20 is a greenhouse gas reduction of 20%, 20% renewable energy use and
energy efficiency at 20%. Effective tool in Europe to achieve the targets is
the emissions trading scheme (emission trading scheme EU ETS/).
Indonesia has also announced to
reduce fossil energy by 2025, with the share of fossil fuels 83% and renewable
energy around 17% in particular biomass gets a share of less than 5%. The
energy potential of biomass in Indonesia is huge i.e. equivalent electric 49,810
MW but in utilized is still less than 4% or equivalent of 1,680.4 MW. Critical
land and unused land that reach millions hectares, become an extraordinary
potential to provide energy plantations to produce biomass as an energy source.
Optimisation of the potency will support the target achievement the energy
consumption of biomass as renewable energy in total energy mix. . Finally the
creation of a low-carbon economy can be a solution for the welfare of society
and improve the quality of the environment, with the most popular commodities
i.e. wood pellets. The Global market for these pellets predicted to rise from
16 million tons (2010) becomes 47 million tons in 2020.
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