Fastest Entry Point for Biochar Industry

When in the West, especially in Europe, biochar is seen primarily for climate mitigation, namely as carbon sequestration / carbon sink and compared with various similar efforts in carbon negative / negative emission technologies with compensation in the form of carbon credits or BCR (biochar carbon removal) credits, it is very different, especially in Asia and Africa. Biochar in both continents is mainly to increase soil fertility or repair damaged / degraded soils so that they can be more productive to produce agricultural food products. The different approaches are mainly motivated by the factors that influence it, namely especially in Europe when the problems of climate change, the environment, sustainability and global warming are more of their concern, then various efforts in line with that become important and relevant so that biochar is one of the solutions. While in Asia and Africa, the factor of meeting food needs is a more important concern.

Currently there are 6 NET (negative emission technologies) or carbon negative actions that can absorb CO2 from the atmosphere as in the diagram above. Basically, adequate scale or capacity is needed so that climate change mitigation efforts can run effectively and efficiently. The convenience, cost and additional benefits of the above technology applications will affect their implementation. Of the six NETs, ​​biochar has the fastest development, this is because biochar can meet the above factors. Scientific and public interest in Biochar began to grow in the early 2010s and has grown rapidly since then. The initial focus of biochar research was on terra preta (black earth) and soil improvement. And now it has expanded into various fields, including in the context of industry and construction.

The vast area of ​​degraded land reaching tens or even hundreds of millions of hectares in Indonesia can be improved by using biochar. Moreover, the potential for biomass waste that can be utilized is also very large, tens of millions of tons or even more and the need for food (even bioenergy) also continues to increase. Gradual and sustainable efforts to improve the land need to be started immediately. Soil improvement, as well as efforts to manage biomass waste, energy production and become a climate solution with NET are effective simultaneous efforts. This is the appeal of biochar so that it should be a leading program for various industries that are concerned with food and energy security, the environment, decarbonization, climate and sustainability. This is also so that forest clearing for food estates can be avoided if biochar is chosen as a solution. 

The question is how can this biochar immediately become a solution and be implemented massively? Increasing awareness of the benefits of biochar is the entry point. Furthermore, soil improvement as a real action is followed by carbon credit or can be done simultaneously to become the fastest entry point for the biochar industry in Indonesia. This is in addition to carbon credits with biochar or biochar carbon removal (BCR) credits that have been applied globally, carbon credits are also one of the main drivers of the growth of the biochar industry globally. Even globally, BCR credits are ranked first or more than 90% in Carbon Dioxide Removal (CDR) recorded in cdr.fyi.

The Urgency of Ex-Coal Mine Reclamation With Biochar

The large number of ex-coal mines that are not reclaimed causes various environmental problems and even life safety. There have been many casualties from the former coal mine pit. The simple logic should be that after the coal deposit is taken or extracted during the mining activity, the land is returned and repaired so that the quality is better than before the mining activity or at least the same, but not worse so that various environmental problems arise. The era of decarbonization is accelerating because of the driving force of climate change and global warming. Fossil fuels, especially coal, are starting to be abandoned, of course, including the coal mining activity itself. Meanwhile, the area of former coal mines which reaches millions of hectares is a lot of environmental problems today.

When the quality of the soil is improved so that it has high fertility then this becomes a very extraordinary potential so that a number of important activities can be carried out, such as agriculture, animal husbandry and forestry. With such conditions, the effort to self-sufficiency or food sovereignty is not impossible. Technically, it can be analyzed which of the agricultural, livestock and forestry sectors can reach the goal faster, namely food independence or sovereignty. But before going far and doing business on the ex-mining land, to be more specific what products will be made, the basic question is how to improve the condition of the damaged soil and the scale is also massive?

The application of biochar to the soil is a surefire solution in an effort to repair damaged soils. Depending on how severe the damage is, the characteristics of the soil type and the final quality level being targeted will determine the application or dosage of the biochar. In addition to improving the soil, the biochar application also absorbs CO2 from the atmosphere, thereby reducing the concentration of CO2 from the atmosphere or is a carbon negative scenario. Biochar buried in the soil becomes a carbon sink, similar to creating a conservation forest to absorb CO2 from the atmosphere. How much biochar is buried so that it can be calculated that the CO2 absorbed into the carbon sink can be sold on the carbon market and get carbon credit. Biochar itself is able to last in the soil for hundreds of years and is not decomposed for a long time. Even when the land has been repaired with biochar and then a conservation forest is made on it, the carbon credit obtained are double, namely from the application of biochar itself and from the conservation forest. But once again, of course, economic factors are another important consideration, so as above, after soil fertility is improved with biochar, there are a number of options for using the land. Of course which one provides the best economic benefits will be the choice.

Millions of hectares of land can be recovered so that its benefits will be maximized. Say, for example, that one million hectares of land can be recovered and then used for activities that support food security or self-sufficiency such as agriculture and animal husbandry, then how much output can be calculated. Even better if there can be a surplus of food production so that it can export. Or even in the longer term, the land is reforested into conservation forest, so how much CO2 can be absorbed by the forest plus the application of biochar. Of course very much. Then why have to build a food estate but have to clear forest land, while there are other better ways? Namely not only restoring but improving the condition of the land even better before the coal mining activity was carried out.

Biochar and Land Reclamation of Ex-Coal Mines

Reclamation of ex-coal mining land is the obligation of the mining company, but often this is not done properly for various reasons. These are mainly due to weak rule enforcement and light sanctions. With the area of ex-coal mines that has reached millions of hectares and the reclamation efforts are needed, but the realization in the field is still very minimal, making environmental damage even greater. The thing that can encourage efforts to improve the ex-coal mining land is the profit or economic factor that can be obtained. This means that if the reclamation effort also bring economic benefits - in addition to environmental benefits, of course - then the coal companies will also be happy to do so. So what activity is it?

The photo is taken from here

After the coal deposit is taken, the top soil should be returned to the land. The basic thing that needs to be done is to improve the quality of the soil so that it can be used for planting various crops. By improving soil quality, besides soil fertility can be restored and even increased, it also includes isolating (immobilizing) a number of harmful elements from the ex-coal mining land. Creating a profitable and sustainable business activity is the next step. The improved soil can then be planted and legumes are the best choice, this is because legumes are other than pioneer plant types with high survivability, strong and deep roots that prevent erosion, root nodules from azetobacter symbiosis by binding nitrogen from the atmosphere which fertilizes the soil also provides many other benefits. Ruminant husbandry is a profitable and sustainable business activity, because it mainly utilizes the leaves of the legume plant as a source of feed. The livestock manure can also be used to further improve the health and quality of the soil so that soil fertility continues to increase and is maintained. The wood from the legume plantation can also be used for productions namely briquettes, charcoal briquettes and even wood pellets.

As a basic thing and the entry point for the above business is improving the quality of the land or soil of the ex-coal mines. There are a number of ways to do this, but the use of biochar is one of the best options. With biochar not only increases the pH or acidity of the soil so that many nutrients will be absorbed by plants better and soil microbial activity to decompose organic matter is more active, but it is also able to absorb a number of harmful chemical elements in the soil, increasing soil organic carbon that can last hundreds of years and also absorbs the greenhouse gase from atmosphere. The biochar can be made from a number of agricultural, forestry and agro-industrial wastes, such as wood chips from logging or from palm oil mill waste such as empty fruit bunches and fiber. A number of areas in Kalimantan are not only rich in coal deposits and also currently many of these ex-coal mining lands are abandoned, as well as a lot of biomass materials such as forest waste and palm oil mill waste for the production of biochar.

In order to reduce CO2 emissions in the atmosphere, biochar is also able to absorb CO2 from the atmosphere (carbon sequestration) and is a carbon negative scenario. The biochar applied to the soil is a carbon sink, as an option for carbon credit other than carbon offset. In the current era of decarbonization, efforts to reduce CO2 level in the atmosphere are important. In Indonesia, where there is still a lot of forest land, carbon credit can be obtained from the absorption of CO2 by the trees in the forest, so that the forest acts as a carbon sink as well. But in other countries where the use of fossil energy is very large or massive, they must reduce the adverse climate impacts caused by burning fossil energy materials, especially coal. They can buy carbon credits on this biochar application.

 

Coal is the most widely used fossil energy for power generation in the world today and Indonesia is one of the producers of such coal. Although in the near future the use of coal will be reduced and in some countries it will be stopped altogether, but the negative impacts of coal mining are still many, damaging and even endangering the environment. This is an urgency to improve the land or ex-coal mining land which is estimated to reach 8 million hectares in Indonesia. On the one hand, coal power plants can buy carbon credits for biochar applications like the scheme above. Palm oil mills on the other hand also produce a lot of solid waste, especially empty fruit bunches (EFB) that can be used for the production of biochar. These big companies could collaborate to solve climate problems due to the increasing concentration of CO2 in the atmosphere. To this day, it is reported from the Mauna loa observatory, in Hawaii, United States that the concentration of CO2 in the atmosphere has exceeded 400 ppm or there is still an increase of about 2 ppm every year, even though the global target is to decrease the concentration to only 350 ppm.

Biochar and IoT in Palm Oil Plantations

Monitoring until action needs to be done to get optimal results according to the expected target. Ensuring that the supply of nutrients and water is always sufficient for the needs of plants is an important thing to do. Other variables that affect the process of nutrient absorption and plant growth need to be properly monitored. Biochar is a soil amendment to improve soil properties such as soil structure, soil aeration, water and nutrient availability, suppress the development of certain plant diseases, create good habitats for symbiotic microorganisms and reduce soil acidity. Biochar also  adsorbs greenhouse gases in the form of carbon dioxide from the atmosphere, thereby reducing these gases in the atmosphere. It is important that sensors are used to read the variables above. How many sensors are installed and what type is also very dependent on the objectives being achieved. The use of various sensors in large numbers is also a cost in itself, while a production is always looking for the most efficient way to maximize profit. The use of sensors that are effective and efficient is the key to successfully monitoring the conditions of biochar applications in the field with a specified period of time, even real time all the time.

IoT (Internet of Things) is predicted to become a trend in the near future and it cannot be avoided. A number of plantation areas that are located far away in remote villages, such as in palm oil plantations, are generally still constrained by the internet network, this condition makes IoT unable to be applied or still not optimal. Palm oil plantations are one of the ideal locations for biochar applications for large capacities as well as IoT, for more details read here. While waiting for an internet network in the area provided by a telecommunications company, satellite signals can be used even with small data usage so that the information displayed is also less and simpler. This makes only really important information that needs to be monitored, especially on plantation locations that are difficult to reach. At such a stage manual monitoring is still much needed, so the online information from the satellite only helps for verification. Devices such as drones can also be used to monitor growth or general the plantation conditions.

Basically, IoT and its supporting devices such as artificial intelligence and big data are tools to help make decisions, especially for the plantation manager such as palm oil plantations. Knowing the condition of the plantation so that it can maintain the level of plantation productivity performance is an important part of maintaining the company's performance itself. Even though IoT devices help in such a way, the important thing that is still needed is basic knowledge to the characteristics of plantation management itself. These sciences will be very useful for analyzing the data presented by IoT devices more sharply and accurately or on target. Selection of sensors, the number of sensors to the location of the sensor installation must be carried out effectively and this can only be done with an adequate scientific basis. A number of chemical analyzes in general also cannot be done sensory but using reagents and so on. In addition, IoT is also a new thing so that a number of certain activities or practices in certain agriculture or plantations and more specifically in the biochar application have not been identified for IoT developers. This is so that collaboration between researchers, practitioners and IoT developers is needed so that IoT device products will also be more effective and efficient.

Transmigration For Sheep Grazing In Palm Oil Plantation, Is It Possible?

"It is He Who has sent down rain from the sky for you, partly a drink and partly (fertilizes) the plants, on which you are grazing your cattle. "(QS 16:10)

"Eat and graze your cattle. Verily in that is, there are signs of Allah for those who understand. "(QS 20:54)

"" Every Prophet sent by Allah is shepherded sheep / goats ". His friends asked: "So are you?"; The Messenger of Allah said: "Yes, I herded with the wages of some qirath  from the Mecca inhabitants". (H.R. Bukhari)

Indonesia has around 12 million hectares of palm oil plantations currently, comprising 4.8 million hectares of smallholder plantations, 6.2 million hectares of private plantations and 0.8 million hectares of state plantations. The palm oil plantation requires a number of treatments that can continue to produce especially with the target of producing certain fresh fruit bunches (FFB) per hectare. Moreover, the productivity of FFB in Indonesia in general is also lower than Malaysia, which is only about half. Maintaining soil fertility is an important factor to maintain the continuity and production target of palm oil FFB. Efforts to maintain soil fertility is cheap, easy, effective and sustainable is what is sought by all farmers or entrepreneurs of palm oil. Grazing sheep in palm oil plantations is an effective solution.

Why sheep grazing can be such an effective solution? The sheep that are grazed in the palm oil plantation, will spread the dung into fertilizer for palm oil plantations. In addition to fertilize palm trees, sheep grazing in the palm oil plantation also means massive and most economical meat production. Viewed from the food side, palm oil is used as an oil in human consumption or edible oil  provides fat, while lamb (sheep) provides protein, two things essential for human food. Palm oil plantations need to keep their soil fertile, meat consumption of the Indonesian population is still low only 1/4 of the world so needs to be improved, sheep also export commodities, which Saudi Arabia needs at least 8 million head / year, and economic activities outside Java need continue to be increased so that jobs can continue to be opened, the current distribution of 60% of Indonesian population is concentrated in Java island, are the driving force of sheep grazing in palm oil plantations. Sheep will be the best treasure of Muslims and have many advantages over other livestock, for more details can be read here, here and here.

Allan Savory, a biologist from Zimbabwe has proven with a planned grazing program, or with the concept of Holistic Planned Grazing, has even saved the earth by re-greening it with very large area, namely  ​​16 million hectares or nearly 2.5 times the area of ​​Indonesian palm oil plantation. Allan Savory uses the cow as the grazing animal. Sheep are definitely superior in some aspects, such as the explanation in the links above. Allan Savory alone who only human beings with the concept can prove save the earth with the extent of millions of hectares, well what if the sunnah (example) of the Prophets applied namely sheep grazing applied? Of course the result will far outweigh the concept of Allan Savory in all its aspects, let alone just overcome a number of problems in palm oil plantations and our food, especially meat. In addition, it is clear that the above verses of the Qur'an also gives hint as to where the actual grazing sites are most suitable for livestock. Are Muslim farmers and businessmen in Indonesia and Malaysia not particularly interested in applying sheep grazing in their palm oil plantations as an effective solution, following the sunnah (example) and guidance of the Qur'anic verses above?

Portion of Animal Protein Sources According to the Qur'an

Transmigration that was once encouraged in the New Order era in Indonesia, should be done again. When transmigration at that time to farm by cultivating the soil and planting crops, even to the opening of a million hectares of rice fields that are currently conditions are pathetic, then the current transmigration is for sheep grazing in the area of ​​palm oil plantations. It will be easier, because the  palm oil plantations have also existed and are very wide. If it is applied then there will be hundreds of millions of sheep grazed in palm oil plantations and very many jobs are available. Al Qur'an also indicates the source of protein from big livestock occupies the largest portion of poultry and fish. The source of animal protein ie from big livestock is revealed in at least 7 verses or 64%, of fish revealed in 3 verses or 27% and of poultry revealed in 1 verse or 9%. So for the fulfillment of protein needs the priority is from large livestock, especially be grazed, because in addition to producing cheap protein, also fertilize the land for various human needs.

In terms of energy, palm trees as well as a source of renewable energy. The oil in addition to food is also to for energy ie biodiesel, coir (mesocrap fiber) and shell as well as fuel. Palm kernel shells have become export commodities that are sought after by many countries in the world. Even when the palm shell is exhausted due to high demand for both export and domestic use, the empty fruit bunches (EFB) will also be used for fuels such as EFB pellets. When the empty palm fruit bunches are composted, and then pellet is made, so the fertility of the soil becomes a problem then grazing the sheep as a solution, for more details can be read here. The use of palm trees as a source of food and energy in line with the era of bioeconomy that we will soon enter. 

Finding The Best Treasure Of Energy Plantations Implementation

From Abu Said Al-Khudri said: Rasulullah SAW said: "The time will come that the best Muslim treasure is the sheep shepherded on the mountaintops and the fall of rain. By bringing his religion he runs away from some slander (Munkar or Muslim fights) ". (H.R. Bukhari)

From Abu Hurairah R.A. from the Messenger of Allah (SAW), he said: "Among the best human livelihoods, is a man who controls his horse in the way of Allah. He flies over it (he rides it up the fast way). Everytime hears the call of war he flies over it eagerly to seek death by being killed (in martyrdom) or facing death on the spot. Or a man who shepherds the sheep at the top of a mountain from the top of this mountain or the valley of some valleys. He established a sholat, gave zakat and worshiped to his Lord until death came to him. He does not interfere with man, and only do good to them. "(H.R. Muslim).

Both hadiths saheeh above explain the virtues of the sheep as the best treasure and shepherd the sheep as the livelihood or the best work after jihad. The best treasure of sheep and grazing is very possible with the implementation of energy plantation. The lands that were previously barren and unproductive can also be repaired with the leguminocea type of energy plantation trees. For more details about energy plantation can be read here. Tens of millions of hectares of land that are not or have not been utilized optimally need to be processed and optimized. This is because there are many urgent agendas today that need to be addressed, such as food sufficiency, nutrition improvement, health improvement and quality of life, creating a strong and quality generation, improving education, improving the economy, improving the environment and so on to create a glorious civilization that lights the world.

When we design and manufacture large scale energy plantationsfor the production of wood pellets, leaves can be used to feed the sheep. With a ratio of 6 trees / head / day, then with 10,000 trees / hectare and if every harvest day of 10 hectares means it can feed 17,000 sheep. Then the best treasure of the sheep also provides a large additional income. In addition, sheep can also be grazed in the area of ​​the plantation but with attention to the age of the energy trees in order to also be able to keep growing optimum not even shoots consumed sheep, as in the scenario 5F Projects For the World! Although it can be used as a single feed for sheep, but the use of gamal leaves with grass to feed the sheep will provide optimal results. The lamb is the best meat and is the world healthiest food, the lamb that is fed with leaves and grass or shepherded in the grass. Sheep fed with leaves and grass will produce Omega-6 ratios of Omega 3 (O6 / O3 ratio) in the range of 1 or balanced. The Omega-6 to Omega 3 ratio indicates the level of quality of food in terms of health, with a range of 1 at the best or balanced conditions whereas if the O6 / O3 ratio is greater then the lower the quality of the food. Meanwhile, if large livestock such as sheep are fed grains such as soybean-based O6 / O3 ratio to be large ie 13 or more. High O6 / O3 ratio will spur the onset of heart disease, cancer and other cardiovascular.

The leaves of the leguminoceae trees in the energy plantations also have a high protein content, for example gamal (gliricidae) leaf  has a protein content of about 25%. In addition, gamal (gliricidae) leaves also have a low tannin content. Tannin compounds in general will reduce protein digestibility for rumen digestion. Conversion of gamal (gliricidae) leaves with 'very' high protein content to lamb meat is also big. So sheep fed with gamal (gliricidae) leaves will have much greater weight than sheep that are not given gamal (gliricidae) leaves. The high nutritive value of gamal (gliricidae) leaves and positive effect on ruminant livestock production especially sheep puts it as ideal animal feed.

In addition to the encouragement of both the saheeh hadiths above and also the low consumption of meat in the country and also the high demand for sheep to export to Saudi Arabia which reached 8 million heads / year with 2 million during the hajj season, and the abundance of gamal (gliricidae) leaves from the energy plantation when it has been produced , has become a number of powerful thrust to get the best treasure by making sheep farms.

The destruction of agricultural lands as well as forests that are very numerous even according to FAO estimated globally has reached one third. Some have even entered the desertification phase. It is certainly alarming for human food sufficiency and other potential natural disasters. Allah SWT says in QS Ya-sin (36): 33; QS Al An'am (6): 99. And again this leguminoceae plant is meant in that verse. Leguminoceae plant roots that are able to bind nitrogen (nitrogen fixing trees) from the atmosphere that serves as a pioneer plant, the trees deliver the land that originally died / arid until eligible for overgrown for fertilizing the soil. Then with the rain falling from the clouds and the sun, the woody biomass formed and its leaves as a nutritious feed, is how energy and food formed come from 'sky'.So the importance of food and renewable energy so humans globally need to formulate and set targets to be sufficient and fulfilled as in the SustainableDevelopment Goals (SDGs) package. The leaves are also high in protein content that is needed for the sheep. Phosporus (P) and potassium / potassium (K) sheep droppings, with grazing in the soil, will further nourish the damaged soils, for nitrogen (N), phospour (P), and potassium (K) or NPK is an essential element of soil fertility. It is the great power of Allah who has given the 'recipe' / guidance to prosper His earth even from the condition of his death (QS Ya-sin (36): 33). It adds more faith and piety to Him like the word of Allah SWT:

"Verily in the creation of the heavens and the earth, and the alternation of night and day there are signs for the intelligent (ulil albab). Those who remember Allah while standing or sitting or lying down and they are thinking about the creation of the heavens and the earth - (then say) 'Our Lord, you have not created this in vain, Glory to You, so guard us from the torment of hell ". (QS 3: 190-191)

Calliandra Planting For Soil Improvement Thus adequate Food, Energy and Water

That Muslims should organize in the management of land - grasslands or sources of food, water, fire or energy it is clear there in the direction of the Prophet Muhammad: "The Muslims were syirkah (cooperation) in three ways pasture, water and fire" (HR . Sunan Abu Daud).

What are the consequences when we ignore these instructions - that is when we do not bersyirkah among us? Sources of livelihood are our primary form of food, water and energy managed by others and people become not self-sufficient in meeting the main of needs. When we are not self-sufficient in terms of basic needs, we are easily misled in a variety of other matters. Then the great work for people with learning syirkah in three main points as much as possible should be initiated.

In matters of energy the Muslims must start His guidance, what are the Qur'an speaks regarding the fire or energy? Qur'an talk about the source of fire from green trees (Surah 36: 80 and Surah 56: 71-72). In a matter of human beings could be the most efficient source of energy that nuclear power, which is the most clean hydro power, which is the most abundant solar energy. But when Allah SWT hinted fire from green trees, certainly a source of energy that this one has its own advantages. For example when we have firewood or wood pellets (the cutting edge  the fuel) from the woody biomass then can we save, we can use at any given time, relatively unaffected by weather conditions. Unlike hydro (water) and solar energy availability and use is affected by weather conditions. Plants or green trees also absorb CO2 and release O2 for us to breathe. In addition the plant is also able to fertilize the soil, resisting erosion and of course there are many more details. Furthermore, the text below will describe a small part of the energy advantages of green trees and environmental benefits.

According to the FAO estimated one third of the world soil layer has been damaged or degraded. Though the land is an important part in supporting life on earth. We know the food chain from plants. The life human and animal from plants. Most of our food comes from the ground, although there is plants and animals that live in the sea. Especially in agriculture, the land becomes the most important factor that determines the land is an important part in supporting life on earth. Land degradation occurs due to erosion, compaction, ground cover, the use of agricultural chemicals and soil nutrient depletion, acidification, pollution and other processes caused by land management practices that are not sustainable.

 

Degraded Lands in Indonesia

FAO Director General Jose Graziano da Silva estimates that by 2050 the fertile soil in the world lived a quarter of the benchmark in 1960. As the growth of world population continues to increase with the forecast to 10 billion in 2050 and is now almost 2 billion only experiencing food shortage, of course decreasing the amount of fertile land further aggravate the condition. Instructions from the Qur’an above which the plant types Leguminoceae then attempt to restore the soil fertility is feasible. Leguminoceae plant will capture nitrogen from the air is then stored in the root nodules and into soil fertilizer. Additionally leaves are also rich in nitrogen, when falling to the soil also will become fertilizer that fertilizes the land. When the soil has been broken so need to be restored then the legumes plants is the most suitable in these conditions. This is because such plants legumes have these characteristics: cool / moisten the soil surface, root nodules for being able to fix nitrogen from the atmosphere means that is able to fertilize the soil is damaged / barren, and able to prevent erosion. Rhizobium is a type of bacteria that grow in the roots of leguminoceae plants and act bind nitrogen in nodules. According to FAO, small organisms such as bacteria and fungi in underground acts as a primary agent driving the cycle of nutrients and helps plants through improved nutrient intake, which in turn support the biodiversity on the ground as well.

Among the more than 19,000 kinds of Leguminoceae, Calliandra is one of them and has been developed in Indonesia. Planting Calliandra has two major benefits that restore soil fertility and production of wood for fuel, especially wood pellets. More about the pattern of utilization can be read at the link 5F Project ForThe World!. While in Indonesia alone there are hundreds of millions of hectares have not been utilized well, including many have become degraded land. One grateful for the favors of Allah  SWT is with the prosperity of the earth.

Planting trees will clean the air by absorbing CO2 and produce O2. Imagine this in an era with a location not far from here, to breathe clean air people have to buy the air in the packaging - as we buy bottled water in a plastic bottle. It's very sad. In the area of Xinjiang, the region is already very bad air pollution in China, tens of millions of air in cans has been sold since last few years. And unfortunately only the rich people who can afford to buy the canned air. Islam teaches that the air and water are free goods that can be enjoyed by anyone. Important effort that can be done to make that free is still free, is to plant  trees, so that it can improve the soil fertility by planting Leguminoceae plant group, clean the air, a source of energy and also absorb water.