Sheep-Palm Oil After Cow-Palm Oil

In 2050 the world's population is estimated to reach 9 billion people. The need for food, especially protein, will also definitely increase. With a human population of 9 billion, protein needs are estimated at 250 million tons per year or 50% more than today's protein production. Insects are strong candidates to achieve the target protein requirement, which can be applied to feed and food. Promotion of protein sources from insects is carried out by a number of countries in Europe. The advantage of insects as a source of protein is mainly because with a smaller amount of feed these insects can produce the same amount of protein as traditional farming. According to the FAO, insects such as crickets need six times less feed than cattle, four times less than sheep, and twice as little as pigs and broilers to produce the same amount of protein.

The types of insects permitted to be bred by the European Commission for this purpose include only 7 species of insects, namely 3 types of crickets, 2 types of caterpillars and 2 types of flies. A number of insect farming companies (insect producers) have also sprung up in Europe and it is estimated that two thirds of these insects are for animal feed and one third for food or human consumption. Protein is one of the important elements in human diet. Islam regulates this food issue, so that only halal food can be consumed by Muslims around the world. And it would be even better is a food group that is halal thayibban. Eating insects such as crickets should be avoided by Muslims and seek better food such as sheep, goats and cows.

In order to meet the protein needs, there are a number of ways that can be done to anticipate the increasing needs. Indonesia is the owner of the largest palm oil plantation in the world with an area of ​​more than 15 million hectares or more than one half of the island of Java and this has great potential if it can be exploited. The integration of cattle farming in palm oil plantations has been widely carried out and this can be optimized by integrating sheep-palm oil plantation also. In fact, the two activities can complement each other because the two activities are not carried out simultaneously in the same palm oil plantation. When palm oil plantations are replanted (plant rejuvenation), then at the age of palm oil trees less than 3.5 years, cows cannot be grazed on that land and the same land can be used for sheep grazing. The replanting (plant rejuvenation) of palm oil plantations is carried out in turns in the palm oil plantation area, so that livestock or sheep grazing also follows suit.

Lamb is halalan thayibban food even used in worship, namely for aqiqah and qurban. The production of sheep-based protein is certainly highly recommended so that in addition to meeting the protein needs in halalab thayibban food, is also to support the practice of worship. With the largest Muslim population in the world and vast oil palm plantation, running sheep farms as a source of protein would certainly be much better. With an area of ​​​​palm oil plantations reaching more than 15 million hectares, the potential for meat production from sheep is also huge.

The Momentum of Energy Plantation Won't Be Long Anymore

As world oil prices have risen (once reached $ 30 / barrel in early 2016) and also the pressure due to environmental damage from fossil burning, the use of renewable energy, especially biomass, is gaining more attention. A number of biomass is widely used for energy sources such as palm kernel shells (PKS) and wood pellets. The better characteristics of biomass fuels will be increasingly sought after and used. The more widely used means the more limited availability, so it needs to be made available. As a renewable energy source, it is certainly not difficult to provide this type of energy. The order of supply of biomass fuels will depend on the demand, availability and production process. For example, in terms of large demand, palm kernel shells are abundant and the production or processing process is easy so that it can be used very easily, making it a top priority. While wood pellets, despite the high demand and availability of raw materials, are abundant, they require a production process that is not simple, making it a second priority. About the use of empty fruit bunches (EFB) and palm trunks can be read here, here and here. Furthermore, a number of biomass wastes from plantations such as palm oil empty fruit bunches, trunks and fronds are also abundant will be the next priority.

Although the energy plantation requires a longer route, it is believed that soon it will find its momentum. That is because with energy plantation other than supply capacity is more stable and guaranteed also the ability to supply up to decades. The security of the supply becomes vital for a production process such as wood pellet production, as well as to end users such as power plants. Indonesia with a tropical climate and vast land available makes the potential for the development of energy plantations very potential and strategic. It only takes 1 year to produce wood from energy plantations in Indonesia while it takes 4 years in sub-tropical countries. Although energy plantations are likely to be the last choice after the utilization of a number of agricultural waste which is still abundant at this time, it is believed that it will not be long before many will be developed and there are already a number of companies that have plan on this.

The development of energy plantations also has advantages in the form of environmental benefits namely increasing soil fertility, water conservation and carbon sequestration. Another benefit of the energy plantations is the food sector, particularly through sheep / cattle ranching and honey beekeeping. Indonesia's low supply of meat requires supplies from within the country and also its large export opportunities. Leaves from the energy plantations can be a source of animal feed and grazing fields are made in the same location, to make it clearer here. Optimizing the energy plantation with the integration of livestock so that there is a kind of mutual dependency relationship will provide optimal benefits as well, both economically, socially and environmentally. The development is a comprehensive approach, as the best approach to achieve the best environmental benefits and balance and not a partial development that tends to damage the environment itself. Let us together create this opportunity while capturing and working on it. More systematically and comprehensively, following a number of indicators that are driving the acceleration of the implementation of the energy plantations:

1. Demand for biomass fuels from the international market is getting greater along with awareness about the environment and climate change. And in Asia, Japan and Korea are the biggest consumers / users of biomass fuels, especially wood pellets, and Europe is also the next largest user. Regarding the characteristics of the Korean and Japanese markets in importing wood pellets, there is a slight difference for more details can be read here.

2. The weakening of the economic sector in Indonesia due to not being independent and highly dependent on foreign debt in building infrastructure and the domestic economy. This can be seen from the low economic growth of around 5%, bankruptcy and the destruction of state companies including strategic industries and high unemployment.

3. Investment for energy plantations and wood pellet production is much cheaper than palm oil plantations,in addition it only takes a short time, namely one year to be able to produce for the energy plantations. Production of wood from timber trees takes decades to be harvested, so practically there is no income for decades. For this reason, new business opportunities in the strategic sector, especially energy, forestry and food are a new concern especially with smaller investments and long-term orientation.

4. With its tropical climate, Indonesia has the potential to develop energy plantations, even better than the potential of solar photovoltaic or solar energy, for more details, you can read here. Technically, energy plantation cultivation is also easier and faster than oil palm plantations and the like. But Sri Lanka may be ahead of Indonesia about this, in more detail read here.

5. Energy plantations will absorb CO2 or greenhouse gases from the atmosphere, resist soil erosion, conserve water and fertilize the soil. Environmental benefits are very valuable.

6. Integration with ruminants (sheep & cattle) and honey beekeeping will optimize the use of the land, there will be an environmental balance with the use of livestock manure for energy plantation fertilizer and encourage self-sufficiency in meat (read: government imports 100,000 tons of buffalo meat and if the wood industry pellets 100% foreign controlled) so that the use of energy plantations for wood pellet production & integration with these farms is one of the efforts to avoid or prevent excessive foreign control over lands in Indonesia that do not favor the majority of Indonesia's population itself.

7. The number of idle lands, marginal lands and critical lands that need to be immediately utilized as energy, food, environment, labor and social solutions.

8. As an entry point to enter the era of bioeconomy which will soon replace the era of fossil economy.

Sheep Farm Based Startup Business

Lamb meat is the best meat for human consumption. Prophets and Messengers of Allah SWT must have been herdsmen. There are many lessons from the pastoral activity, for more details, you can read here. Increasing consumption of lamb and even become a favorite food is something that is encouraging. A number of satay shops and also offers a number of lamb dishes are always crowded. It is estimated that around 250 satay shops yand processed sheep are scattered throughout Yogyakarta special province, Indonesia. The high interest and consumption of lamb meat will also have an effect on the high supply of sheep needed. Other cities in Indonesia should also follow it. Surely this will be an interesting opportunity, including the pattern of business startup. Even when the supply of sheep increases, the export market is also ready to wait.

In Indonesia, grass cultivation is certainly not difficult, even without planting grass has grown thick and filled our gardens. Unmanaged grass is just annoying and causes problems. But on the other hand, if the growth of grass is well designed and managed so that the sheep grazing area will certainly be a different story. In any livestock industry the feed factor is the highest cost component. If the sheep are managed by herding in the pasture, the cost of feed will be minimized so that the profits are maximized. Rotational grazing is a grazing technique that can maximize these benefits.

In addition to grass which can be regarded as a staple food for the sheep, additional food in the form of supplements is also needed to get the best quality meat. Energy plantation such as the calliandra plantation can support the sheep farm. Leaves from the energy plantation harvest can be used for additional feed. Calliandra leaves with high protein content will be nutritious feed for the sheep. In addition, wood from energy plantations can also be used for the production of charcoal briquette. By using charcoal made from energy plantations wood that means it does not damage the environment such as cutting down forest wood and so on. The quality of charcoal briquette (sawdust charcoal briquette) is also better than ordinary charcoal that is not briquetted, because it is denser, has a uniform size and a longer burning time.

At a large capacity these sheep can also become export commodities. Extensive grasslands and energy plantations can be made for many of these export purposes. Utilization of technology is increasingly needed for such large capacities such as drones to monitor the movement of these sheep. Locations outside of Java and can even be integrated with large plantations have huge potential, for additional information can be read here. Indonesia as the owner of the largest palm oil plantation in the world with an area of ​​12 million hectares has the potential to integrate this sheep farm. Previously we have also heard that cattle farming has been integrated in a number of oil palm plantations, for more details, please read here. In addition to the sheep which will become an export commodity as well as sawdust charcoal briquette from the energy plantations.

Lamb satay in packaging

The sheep-based startup business will encourage improving the quality of our food and at the same time improving the environment. And so that various regions can also easily get the supply of lamb meat, lamb meat can also be packaged in the form of ready satay, so it is also easy if you want to consume lamb satay every day. At the time of Eid al-Adha, this business startup also supports the provision of sacrificial animals, as part of upholding Islamic law (QS. Al-Kautsar: 2; QS. Al-Hajj: 34) which will continue to exist until the Day of Judgment. Even sheep is permitted for qurban animals that are still six months old, entering seven months old (jadza'ah) while other qurban animals are eligible if they are at least one year old or more (mussinnah) such as goats are tsany (one year old, enter second year ), two-year-old cattle, entering the third year and camel five years, entering the sixth year. Furthermore also the need for halal food is an absolute necessity for all Muslims so running a business for the fulfillment of halal food should also be the domain of Muslims as well as the business of Umrah and Hajj to halal tourism. Moreover, there are many verses in the Qur'an concerning the superiority of sheep over other livestock, for more details, please read here. Let us be part of the world's food and environmental solutions and uphold the Shari'a of Allah SWT.

Cattle Farms With Palm Oil Plantations Already, Sheep Farms With Palm Oil Plantations?

"It is He Who has brought down the rain from the sky for you, some of it has become a drink and some of it has grown up, the plants which are in your place of grazing your cattle. "(Qur'an 16:10)

"Eat and graze your animals. Verily in this, there are signs of the power of Allah for those who understand. "(Qur'an, 20:54)

"Muslims are syirkah (sharia business cooperation) to three things, in terms of pasture (land), water and fire (energy)". (HR. Sunan Abu Daud).

The lack of meat production in Indonesia, which is indicated by the high planned import of meat that reaches 100,000 tons of buffalo meat from India, is a pity. Moreover, there is often news about smuggling haram meat such as wild boar meat in a number of regions. This is considering the enormous potential of livestock that can be developed in Indonesia. The large number of large plantations in Indonesia has the potential to be integrated with livestock, for example palm oil plantations which reach an area of ​​12 million hectares with palm oil (CPO and PKO) production reaching more than 40 million tons / year. With this area, of course, very much livestock can be developed as the main producer of meat. While other plantations are also potential such as coconut plantations with an area of ​​3.7 million hectares, rubber 2.5 million hectares, albasia more than 1 million hectares and so on.

Cattle farms integrated with palm oil plantations have been carried out in a number of places in Indonesia. This is a good thing and needs to be supported. Optimizing cattle farms on palm oil plantations can be done by using good grazing techniques. If at present almost all of them are still using continuous grazing techniques that do not pay attention to the quality, quantity and sustainability of pastures as a grazing area for cattle, then efforts to optimize them can be done by rotation grazing. By rotation grazing, the quality, quantity and sustainability of grasslands as sources of animal feed can be optimized especially in conversion to meat.

Sheep actually has many advantages over cows, among others, can eat almost all types of grass, fattening and breeding fast, high mobility so that the distribution of manure for pasture fertilizer is more evenly distributed, and fur can be used for wool production. In Islam sheep also has many virtues compared to cattle, more in detail can be read here, even all the Prophets must have pastored sheep whose wisdom can be read here. For this reason sheep farms should also be encouraged, especially in large plantations such as palm oil plantations. In addition to fulfilling domestic needs, sheep are also needed in Middle Eastern countries, especially Saudi Arabia, which every year requires approximately 2 million heads with a quarter of it in the Hajj season. For Muslims by raising sheep it can also be intended to continue to support the Shari'a of Qurban which is carried out every 10 Dhulhijah. If an average of 1 sheep is 80 kg, then to eliminate imports of 100,000 tons of buffalo meat, 1.25 million sheep are needed per year. And if the average weight of a 300 kg cow with a 50% portion is fulfilled from beef, then the needs of 166,667 cattle and 50% of the sheep will be 625,000 sheep.

Integration of sheep farms with palm oil plantations is also very possible, even with mixed grazing with cattle, it will also be better. A number of studies stated mixed grazing sheep and cattle have resulted in higher meat conversion compared to grazing only sheep and cattle. For palm oil plantations with the integration of livestock, it will also reduce the need for non-subsidized chemical fertilizers which have become the main fertilizer and high cost. In conclusion, by using good grazing techniques and also the selection of suitable livestock, the palm oil plantation business becomes optimal, more profitable and no less important, which is increasingly environmentally friendly.

CPO for Petroleum Fuel Subtitution

The production of biodiesel or fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) is commonly heard by us and now the product has been used as a mixture of diesel fuel such as B20 and called biosolar. Recorded biodiesel production made from CPO in Indonesia has reached more than 2.5 million tons / year which also means the largest in Asia. For the biodiesel production to be economical, it should use cheap materials such as low grade CPO or high FFA CPO or PAO (Palm Acid Oil). With a high level of acidity on CPO, it cannot be directly used in diesel engines (internal combustion engines), especially diesel vehicles. But diesel engines for power plants can operate directly with CPO even to certain acidity levels. But if the acidity level is too high as in PAO, it also cannot be directly used so it needs to be converted into biodiesel or reduced its acidity to be used by the diesel engine. Standard quality CPO has a FFA of less than 5%, while low grade CPO or high FFA CPO is more than 5%. Standard CPO is for edible oil, while high FFA CPO is not for non-edible oil, but there is no clear grouping in Indonesia about it.

While CPO production for gasoline production (bio-gasoline) is something new, as well as the production of liquid bio-petroleum gas (LBG) or LPG versions of this CPO (green LPG). Although both through chemical processes but the chemical process for the production of biodiesel with bio-gasoline and LBG is different. Biodiesel production uses a transesterification or estrans (esterification and transesterification) process while bio-gasoline and LBG are processed with co-processing technology which is currently produced at the Residue Fluid Catalytic Cracking Unit (RFCCU) facility at the Pertamina Plaju refinery in Palembang, South Sumatra. Not 100% of the gasoline produced comes from CPO but there is a fossil fuel content in it.

The CPO produced from palm oil mills also cannot be directly used for the production of bio-gasoline but must be processed first in the purification unit so that it becomes Refined Bleached Deodorized Palm Oil (RBDPO) or CPO which has been cleaned from sap and odor. The production of bio-gasoline and LBG with CPO raw materials and will be commercially developed at other Pertamina refineries if it turns out the process is economical. Pertamina said that with the process, the country would save 160 million dollars from importing crude oil. In the production of bio-gasoline in addition to the above process, there are actually already popular methods of fermentation from raw materials of sugar, starch and lignocellulose biomass. The lignocellulose biomass with gasification route followed by Fischer-Tropsch can also be used for bio-gasoline production without even the need to mix with fossil fuels. The bio-gasoline production process in the last ways will be discussed later. Insha Allah.

Residue Fluid Catalytic Cracking Unit

In the energy sector, especially Indonesia's petroleum fuel oil, it is predicted that in the next 10 years it will run out. So with this matter that CPO as a fuel or a substitute energy source for petroleum fuel is very important and is of concern to all parties. Moreover, Indonesia is also the largest CPO producer in the world, which is 38.17 million tons or 41.98 tons in total with palm kernel oil (PKO) in 2017. Brazil is the largest producer of bio-gasoline (bioethanol) in the world because it is also the largest sugar producer with sugar cane plantations reaching 9 million hectares, the question is Indonesia with the largest CPO producing country and its 12 million hectare plantation area is also able to become the biggest producer of biofuels (biodiesel and bio-gasoline)? The use of CPO for the production of fuel (energy) is very likely to be prone to conflict with the use of human food. In these conditions, of course, the food problem is prioritized over energy, for more details can be read here. America has been in conflict with Mexico because corn production has been prioritized for the production of bioethanol (bio-gasoline) while Mexico, which normally imports from America for food, has a shortage of corn supply and has resulted in Tortilla riots. This becomes an expensive lesson so we do not want repeat.

With 38.17 million tons of CPO production, the use of the food sector, especially cooking oil by 3-5% (equivalent to approximately 2 million tons), other sectors namely CPO derivative products such as oleochemical 3.8 million tons / year then the energy sector namely biodiesel 2,5 million tons, export 70% (equivalent to approximately 27 million tons) so there are still 2.87 million tons which can be processed into bio-gasoline (green gasoline). Another thing that needs to be addressed is that Indonesia should not export raw materials to other countries such as CPO so that its exports should be at least semi-finished goods and even better in the form of finished goods. The structure or pattern of Indonesia which still exports a lot of raw materials for other countries indicates that it is a developing country. Export CPO should be minimized but export of CPO derivative products such as biofuel and oleochemicals that still need to be improved. As a comparison, of the export percentage of biofuels, especially biodiesel and oleochemicals in Malaysia, it is greater than its CPO, while Indonesia's exports are mostly in the form of CPO. This is also because processing CPO into derivative products is still not widely done in Indonesia.

If we think more deeply that the above matters further prove the truth of the words of Allah SWT, namely in the Qur'an Surat Yaasiin (36): 80 and Surat Waqi'ah (56): 71-72 about fire (energy) from a green tree. The facts above show that from tree species as a producer of various energy sources. Even as an oil-producing tree, palm oil production is the highest of various other plants. If palm oil is produced of oil products for biofuels, namely liquid and gas fuels, while from woody trees such as calliandra, wood pellets can be produced which are solid fuels. The things above have proven that really the energy source comes from trees in the form of liquid fuels, solid fuels and gas fuels, even with the electrochemical mechanism of the trees can also produce electricity, read more here. Additional information on the development of Al-Qur'an-based energy can be read here. Lamb farming is also very well integrated with palm oil plantations because it reduces and even eliminates dependence on chemical fertilizers for more details here. The clue from Allah SWT which accompanies of planting the tree is grazing among the trees, namely in the Qur'an Surat An-Nahl (16): 10-11, A'basa (80): 24-32 and QS Thaahaa (20) : 54).

When Palm Oil Plantations Are Integrated With Sheep Farms

When fertilizer consumption for palm oil plantations can be reduced and even eliminated and replaced with cheap organic fertilizer, the cost of producing palm oil can automatically be reduced. This is because the cost of fertilizer is one of the highest cost components of palm oil production. In addition to fertilizer for palm oil plantations not subsidized, and almost all use chemical fertilizers. This is the high cost factor, besides chemical fertilizers also damage the environment, especially for the long term.

When the cost of producing palm oil is high while the selling price of crude oil products or crude palm oil (CPO) low certainly makes the business of palm oil less attractive or less profitable. It has been recorded that in the past 10 years there have been high fluctuations in the selling price of palm oil fruit. The CPO selling price factor as a final product for most of Indonesia's palm oil mills also will to reduce the selling price of palm oil fruits from farmers. The latest info such as the European Union which rejects Indonesian CPO is a condition that complicates the sale or export of CPO.

In terms of production to reduce production costs is an increase in efficiency, especially reducing the high cost component, especially the non-subsidized chemical fertilizer. The integration of palm oil plantations and sheep farming is the solution. Lamb manure is used to fertilize palm oil plantations. With an area of ​​thousands of hectares of oil palm plantations, it can allocate 5-10% of the land area to the sheep farm. The more non-subsidized chemical fertilizers can be reduced, the lower the cost of production, but besides that sheep farming itself can bring more attractive benefits. Indonesia, which still has a meat deficit and low consumption of per capita to meat, can also be overcome by this farm. Some time ago there was a government plan to import 100 thousand tons of buffalo meat from India to cover the deficit, so that this should be overcome also with the farm. The sheep export market is also promising, such as Saudi Arabia, which requires around 2 million heads each year and a quarter (500 thousand) in the Hajj season. This sheep can also be the best Muslim property, more details read here.

With the vast Indonesian palm oil plantation reaching 12 million hectares, it is certainly possible to achieve meat self-sufficiency by integrating it with sheep farming. In addition, of course the government should strive for the progress of the oil palm industry as part of the welfare of its people. Of course with an accurate solution that can be done like trade attaches abroad can be instructed to promote Indonesian palm oil. And in the end the more efficient the production and the greater the demand for palm products, the higher the price of palm oil and palm oil products and the more attractive benefits for farmers and entrepreneurs.

Finding The Best Treasure From Energy Plantation Implementation Part 10

"It is He Who has brought down the rain from the sky for you, some of it has become a drink and some of it has grown up, the plants which are in your place of grazing your cattle. "(Qur'an 16:10)

"Eat and graze your animals. Verily in this, there are signs of the power of Allah for those who understand. "(Qur'an, 20:54)

"Muslims are syirkah (sharia business cooperation) to three things, in terms of pasture (land), water and fire (energy)". (HR. Sunan Abu Daud).

Sheep farming with the integration of energy plantation for the production of charcoal briquette is an attractive and ideal combination. This is because the sheep farm will produce dung that can fertilize the energy plantation, while the leaves waste from the energy plantation can be an additional feed for the sheep farm. In addition charcoal briquette produced also to cook or roast the lamb meat. This happens if the sheep are exported to the markets of Saudi Arabia, Turkey and the Middle East, as well as the charcoal briquette. Saudi Arabia, Turkey and the Middle East really like lamb and become their favorite food and charcoal briquette as fuel for processing it by burning or baking like satay, more details can be read here.

 

Calliandra energy plantations and sheep farms can be made in one location, namely sheep farms in the energy plantation, for example 500 hectares of available land, 450 hectares of energy plantation and 50 hectares of sheep farm. The sheep farm is in the form of pasture, which is managed by grasslands for sheep farming. Rotational grazing is an effective grazing technique that can be applied to the sheep farm. With rotational grazing techniques, one of the rooms (paddock) is used for grazing and the other rooms are rested so the grass can recover. With this technique the condition of the grass is always maintained and the sheep can maximize eating the grass in the room (paddock).

Calliandra is a type of fast-rotating plant, so it only takes 1 year and can be harvested from wood and can be harvested every year without having to replant it every year. This is because the calliandra is a coppice plant that can grow again from the rest of the stem. The wood from the calliandra plantation is for the production of charcoal briquette. Honey bee farms can also be made in the energy plantation. Calliandra flowers are a source of high quality honey, so the price is also expensive. This honey bee farm is an additional attractive business unit for sheep farming and the production of charcoal briquette.

Technically there are two routes for the production of charcoal briquette, namely route 1 by making briquettes first and then making them (carbonization). With route 1 briquetting does not use adhesive and higher density, for more detail read here. Whereas route 2, namely by the way the wood is made into charcoal and then briquetted. In route 2, adhesive is needed, namely starch to glue the charcoal into briquettes. The density of charcoal briquette with route 2 is also still less than the route 1. The quality of charcoal briquette route 1 is better than that of route 2. It is this product of charcoal briquette route 1 that is in high demand from Saudi Arabia, Turkey and the Middle East.

Wisdoms From the Work of Every Prophets & Messengers Who Graze the Sheeps

~ Ibn Hajar rahimahullah said, the ulema said, "The wisdom behind grazing sheeps before the time of prophethood is that they are accustomed to arranging goats which will naturally become accustomed to handling human problems." [Fathu Al Bari 1/144]

The prophets worked as sheeps grazer since they were little, so that they became human herders when they were big. As Moses and Muhammad and the other  prophets , at the beginning of their lives they have succeeded in becoming good sheep herders, in order to take lessons after the successful control of livestock towards the success of taking care of Adam's grandchildren in inviting, repairing and preaching them [1]. In order for the Da'i to succeed in preaching, it is necessary to have knowledge of the importance of sustainability and direct practice.

~ In the work of grazing sheeps, there are lessons to get used to the nature of nurturing and protecting. When they were patient in shepherding and gathering after being scattered in the pasture, they learned how to understand the differences in the nature of the people, differences in reasoning abilities. With these differences, those who disobey must be dealt with firmly and the weak must be supported.

This makes it easy for those who have such experience to accept the burden of preaching compared to those who start from directly from the beginning. That was the beginning of learning for the Prophets by facing different characteristics, some were weak, some were lame and intended to climb mountains, some were unable to cross the valley. From there, he learned how to achieve diverse desires as an introduction to getting to know humans with a variety of goals and objectives.[2]

This makes it easy for those who have such experience to accept the burden of da'wah compared to those who start from directly from the beginning. That was the beginning of learning for the Prophets by facing different characteristics, some were weak, some were lame and intended to climb mountains, some were unable to cross the valley. From there, he learned how to achieve diverse desires as an introduction to getting to know humans with a variety of goals and objectives.

~ Prophets graze sheep since they were small and they leaned their lives through their efforts, gave a message about the importance of a da'i depending on Allah SWT and did not depend on other people's lives.

If a person relies on someone else, then there will be a bad talk, while da'wah knows no strings attached, and a da'i must distance himself from the giving and alms of others. Humans will not accept the da'wah of people who have one day received alms and mercy, then another day, he advised him and warned him not to fall asleep with the world. Therefore, the provision of the Prophet Sallallaahu ‘Alaihi Wa sallam was never the talk of the Quraysh, the Messenger of Allah lived among them by not asking for their mercy, the things which caused them afterwards could not bring up their services and kindness.

Foot Note:

[1] Assa’di, Al Mawahid Ar Rabbaniyah Minal Ayati Al Qur’aniyah, page.149

[2] Ibnu Hajar, Fathu Al Bari 4/441

Source : Fikih Sirah, Prof.Dr.Zaid bin Abdul Karim az-Zaid, Published by Darussunnah

Finding The Best Treasure From Energy Plantation Implementation Part 8

"It is He Who has brought down the rain from the sky for you, some of it has become a drink and some of it has grown up, the plants which are in your place of grazing your livestock. "(Qur'an 16:10)

"Eat and graze your animals. Verily in this, there are signs of the power of Allah for those who understand. "(Qur'an, 20:54)

"Muslims are syirkah (sharia business cooperation) to three things, in terms of pasture (land), water and fire (energy)". (HR. Sunan Abu Daud).

After the energy plantation is made for the production of wood pellets, then make sheep (or sheep with cattle) farms to use the leaves from the energy plantation tree or both can be made in parallel. Making sheep farms (or sheep with cattle) can also be an entry point before integration with an energy plantation in time or even a wider bioeconomy model. Farming sheep (or sheep with cattle) by rotating grazing is the best way, because maximizing land use, managing pasture is easier and more planned, and the productivity and quality of meat from livestock are also higher. In rotation grazing, the livestock is rotated in the barren pasture area that has been partitioned. The pasture area used should have a height of about 25-30 cm of grass and left behind when the grass has a height of about 8-10 cm. If the grass is spent (overgrazed) then further growth becomes less optimal and can even die, because it is unable to grow again.

There are at least 4 physical things that need to be considered for making rotating grazing work well, namely: feed supply, fence systems, water supply and shade. Feed supply or grass availability are important factors for the sustainability of the grazing. In the rainy season the grass or certain months will be abundant while the dry season decreases. To adjust to the amount of feed, the livestock population can also be adjusted. When abundant feed the livestock population is more than when feed is reduced. To keep feed more available, pasture can be equipped with a good irrigation system so that the grass can continue to grow even in the dry season.

Fencing systems are also a factor in the success of rotation grazing. The fence system allows planned management of pasture fields. Setting the use of areas for grazing and areas that must be rested so that the grass grows back is the function of the fence system. Furthermore, with the supply of water, obviously this is an important factor because Allah SWT creates something that lives from water (Qur'an 21:30) and every one who lives must need water, especially livestock. Each grazing area (paddock) must be equipped with the water supply. The more food or grass consumed the more water is needed. The lack of water supply will also reduce feed consumption. Cool and non-hot water is preferred by livestock compared to hot water. When a hot day, a place of water in a pond or a certain container will become hot, resulting in reduced water consumption and reduced feed consumption, which in turn will decrease body weight growth. A number of studies have shown that the maximum distance of pasture livestock to a maximum water source is around 250 meters for optimal results.

Shady places are also important for grazing. Farm animals tend to look for shade so they can graze longer. When the weather is hot, farm animals do not last long. The best shade is trees so trees need to be planted in the pasture area. Fruit trees are one of the interesting choices for that. Each paddock area can be planted with one type of fruit tree, for example one paddock for durian trees, the other paddock for rambutan, the other for date palm trees, mango, guava, olive and so on. Temperatures in Indonesia with a tropical climate are also higher than in subtropical regions, namely daytime on average reaching 25 C while in subtropical regions only 10 C. This shows that the best location is grazing is grassland with shady trees among them. The amount of rainfall like in Indonesia makes large fast and fruiting trees so that they can be quickly used for shade.

One of the most frequently asked questions for farmers who want to start rotation grazing is how many paddocks must be made? Basically, the more paddocks, the better because the pasture can be utilized to source livestock feed maximally. In general, you can start with 5 to 10 paddock with each paddock for grazing 3 to 7 days later rest for 25-30 days. Of almost all rotational grazing practices, the number of 4 paddocks is the minimum amount when starting. The square shape is the best form for the paddock, so that it is as close as possible to the shape. The shape of the small paddock extends or circles is not good because it is more difficult to achieve the results of the utilization of grass that is evenly distributed by livestock. For determining the pasture area as well as the distribution it will be better at the initial stage to do it with aerial photography.

Finding The Best Treasure From Energy Plantation Implementation Part 7

"It is He Who has brought down the rain from the sky for you, some of it has become a drink and some of it has grown up, the plants which are in your place of grazing your cattle. "(Qur'an 16:10)

"Eat and graze your animals. Verily in this, there are signs of the power of Allah for those who understand "(Qur'an, 20:54)

"Muslims are syirkah (sharia business cooperation) to three things, in terms of pasture (land), water and fire (energy)". (HR. Sunan Abu Daud).

Farmers outside Java island generally have 5-10 hectares of land, but not a few that have tens of hectares to hundreds of hectares. Many of these lands have not been planted or optimized so as to provide benefits for their owners. These lands are very potential to be made efficient pasture by rotating grazing. Sheep grazing and mixed sheep and cattle can be cultivated in these areas. Rotation grazing is to divide the pasture into several units such as the horse training arena (paddock), and then the cattle take turns grazing in the boundary grazing area. In rotation grazing there is always a pasture field that is rested to restore the growth of the grass. The landowners can also be syirkah (sharia business cooperation) to reach a certain area of ​​land to be used as an energy plantation. Energy plantation will produce wood for energy, namely wood pellets or wood briquettes or derivatives of other products. The leaves are used for animal feed namely sheep and sheep with cow. Farm animals can even be grazed in an energy plantation area with certain techniques or sacrifice some land for grazing areas.

Rotation grazing will provide efficient results in both meat productivity and the sustainability of the pasture. Grass growth can be maintained in such a way by rotating grazing, which is maintained at height of 8-10 cm. If the grass is eaten out (overgrazed) to the base of the stem it will be difficult to grow properly again. The technique regulates that the grass continues to grow well by regulating the duration of grazing on the grazing block, this will also be affected by the season factor. Grass will grow faster in the rainy season and oppositely in the dry season. With good irrigation, the growth of grass in the dry season can be maintained. Pasture is essentially farming of grass itself. In addition, by rotation grazing of sheep or livestock, they will graze more evenly because the grazing area is limited by the barriers. As a comparison, continuous grazing is used, where animals tend to only eat grass that is preferred and even overgrazed so that the sustainability of grass pasture is less optimal.

Then how can the sustainability of pasture be optimal? Fertilization is an important thing to achieve this, in addition to the things above. Distribution of livestock manure must be made as well as possible in the pasture field. With a ratio of land area compared to the number of animals small or the number of livestock made more so that the larger population makes the distribution of fertilizer evenly distributed. The distance of livestock mobility in this way is short and limited. Of course the availability of feed in the form of grass is an important consideration for the technique. Dense grass, although not so broad, may provide more food than large land with rare grass populations. If the area of ​​1 m2 with the condition of dense grass produced 1 kg of grass, then for every hectare there is 10 tons of grass for feed.

The Qur'an shows that pasture animals like the shade under the trees and also near the source of water (QS 16:10). This has also been proven from professional grazing in various countries over the globe. For this reason the pasture should also be overgrown with trees like the Qur'an's instructions. Among these trees can also grow a lot of grass. Farm animals will spend a lot of time in the shade under the trees. Water sources also need to be provided at that location for the place to drink the grazing animals. As a result, livestock manure will also accumulate in these locations so that it also fertilizes the soil. Fruit trees and woody trees can be used in the pasture. Leaves from the energy plantation can be used as additional feed for the sheep. Sheep farming can also include supporting the Shari'a qurban ie Islamic Shari'a slaughtering sacrificial animals on every 10 Dzulhijah or Idhu Adha feasts. In addition to these lands being used for energy plantations, plantation lands in Indonesia is very broad, for example palm oil which reaches 12 million hectares, coconut 3.7 million hectares, rubber 3.5 million hectares, various fruit plantations also very broad can be modified by sheep grazing to optimize land and increase soil fertility.

Finding The Best Treasure From Energy Plantation Implementation Part 6

"It is He Who has brought down the rain from the sky for you, some of it has become a drink and some of it has grown up, the plants which are in your place of grazing your cattle. "(Qur'an 16:10)

"Eat and graze your animals. Verily in this, there are signs of the power of Allah for those who understand. "(Qur'an, 20:54)

"Muslims are syirkah (sharia business cooperation) to three things, in terms of pasture (land), water and fire (energy)". (HR. Sunan Abu Daud).

When Muslims practice the instructions above, the problem of food, energy and water will be overcome. Why is the problem of food, energy and water so chaotic now? It can even threaten a country's sovereignty. The answer is because muslims don't practice the instructions above. In the current era when the world is competing to lower the earth's temperature, the energy sector can be a strategic entry point. Energy from trees or wood which is also in line with the current Qur'anic guidance has become a world program because it is a carbon neutral fuel that does not increase CO2 levels in the atmosphere. Europe, for example with the proclaimed bioeconomy program, energy from biomass reaches 70%. Japan and Korea with renewable energy programs also need tens of millions of tons of biomass fuel. The United States through its Energy Department has announced the production of dry biomass of at least 1 billion tons in 2040 without damaging the environment. Canada with its climate plan has also targeted to eliminate or free coal and gas power plants in 2030. When Muslims practice these instructions, they will get a reward for their faith in Allah SWT and His Messenger, not just benefits worldly like environmental benefits and economic benefits.

Wood pellets are biomass processing products that are very popular today. Multipurpose energy plantations can be used for the production of woody biomass as raw material for the production of wood pellets. The export wood pellet market is mainly Japan and Korea, but both have their own characteristics. Designing a multipurpose energy plantation for production also requires its own techniques, for more details can be read here. With Syirkah (sharia business cooperation) it is very likely that this potential can be realized. Then what if the Muslims do not want to be syirkah (sharia business cooperation)? First, obviously it will be very difficult to capture these opportunities. Second, the problem of food, energy and water will be controlled by non-Muslims, and Muslims will only be spectators and consumers, similar to today's conditions. Third, when the important matters of food, water and energy are not in the hands of the Muslims, the people are not self-sufficient and easily broken down and so on. Migration from fossil economics to bioeconomy is the right momentum for the economic awakening of the muslims people. The domestic wood pellet market also needs to be created and developed continuously. It is not impossible when the production of biomass fuels, especially wood pellets is massive, the role of renewable energy from biomass becomes dominant. Especially at this time Indonesia has also become the nett importer of petroleum. Petroleum produced domestically is not enough to meet the consumption of its population.

Sheep farming and honey bees integrated with energy plantations will provide optimal added value. The undeveloped and organized sheep producers in Indonesia makes the contribution in the economic sector still minimal. For example, in a country with a majority of non-Muslims such as the United States, there is a sheep association namely the American Sheep Industry Association (ASI), which has about 83,000 sheep producers. In addition to a number of pastures both in the area of ??fruit trees or food crops, such as coconut plantations, mango plantations, guava and so on are ideal locations for sheep farming, the grasslands are in forest areas whose main products are wood such as mahogany, sengon and so on are also very good. In reference to Alberta, Canada's local Ministry of Environmental Protection has used tens of thousands of sheep to control hairy grasses that block the growth of weed grass in the area. Sheep include livestock that are resistant to a number of plants that are considered toxic, like furry plants which are a kind of weed and poisonous to cattle. So because of its ability in Texas and Southwest sheep is also used to control a number of species of weeds that attack grass habitat.

Maintaining a minimum of 3 inch (7.5 cm) grass is an important factor in pasture

Grazing techniques in Indonesia may have its own characteristics, this is because Indonesia has a tropical climate, while most big sheep producers are currently in subtropical climates. But it is precisely in this tropical region that sheep farming should have an ideal place for grazing, because it refers to the above Qur'anic instructions (Qur'an 16:10). Rotation grazing is the best way to get the best quality and quantity of meat. Milk, wool and leather are also other products produced from sheep farms which are also very much needed by Indonesia at this time. The speed of grass to recover in the rainy season is much faster than the dry season. But because excessive rain can cause the sheep to get sick and die, the pasture duration during the rainy season can be accelerated, but with shorter rotations and more sheep in the cage. Whereas in the dry season the way of grazing is the opposite. A good irrigation will keep the green-green grass in the dry season. In the current era to get water for irrigation a number of ways can be taken. In addition to flowing water from mountain water sources or blocking the flow of rivers, other methods such as making wells and water are raised and used on these plantations and farms. A number of technologies can be used to generate electricity for pump energy that raises water from the well, for example solar energy with solar PV, wind energy, biomass energy with gasification, stirling engine and ORC (organic rankine cycle).

Sheep grazing with cattle has also been shown to give positive results. This is because the two types of livestock have different grazing habits, for example sheep like broadleaf grass, while cows like narrow leafy grass. Sheep and cattle grazing can be done simultaneously or at different times. Pastures is also better, because all grasses are eaten by sheep and cattle, evenly. If the grassland is not grazed evenly, the quality of the grass will also decrease. Certain types of grass become favorites for sheep so that this type will be eaten more, even run out. Grass with such conditions becomes difficult to grow well again. Pastoral care as well as agricultural fields must be maintained to continue to produce these livestock feeds. Another important indication that this joint grazing gives more positive results, it's from a number of studies carried out in various locations in the world that with sheep grazing with cattle (mixed grazing), sheep weight gain is around 10% than just sheep grazing and an increase in cow weight around 25% compared only cow grazing.

Honey bee farming is another additional effort to improve the optimization of land use and help pollinate a variety of plants. There are many types of honey bees, the consideration of choosing the type of honey bee is also based on the cultivation technique and the honey production. Local honey bees are generally more easily cultivated such as the genus Trigona (stingless bee). Wood pellets, sheep, (plus cows) and honey are products that integrate energy plantations with farms of sheep and honey bees. This is the current opportunity, especially for Muslims to boost and accelerate their economic growth by means of the syirkah like the Prophet's hadith above. When the bioeconomy in Europe is targeted to drive the economic sector by € 2 trillion (34,000 trillion or 17 times the Indonesian state budget) and the absorption of 20 million workers, then Indonesia with biggest country in South Ast Asia, the bioeconomy in the tropics are based on integration these energy plantations and farms should also be very large. The Netherlands, which has an area about the size of East Java, targets 2.6-3 billion Euros (around 50 trillion rupiah) from its bioeconomy sector. Of course more important than all of this is our faith and devotion to Allah SWT so that the blessings from heaven and earth will be bestowed:

"If the inhabitants of these countries have faith and piety, surely We will bestow upon them blessings from heaven and earth, but they deny (Our verses), We will punish them for their actions." (Surat al-A ' raf: 96)

Finding The Best Treasure From Energy Plantation Implementation Part 5

"It is He Who has brought down the rain from the sky for you, some of it has become a drink and some of it has grown up, the plants which are in your place of grazing your cattle. "(Qur'an 16:10)

"Eat and graze your animals. Verily in this, there are signs of the power of Allah for those who understand. "(Qur'an, 20:54)

There is a very positive correlation between manure organic fertilizer with crop productivity. When farms are integrated with agriculture and forestry, there will be a closed cycle of fertilizer fulfillment and crop productivity. And vice versa. If fertilizers, especially organic fertilizers, cannot be met, then inorganic fertilizers, namely chemical fertilizers, will replace them. Whereas by making the closed cycle, it will eliminate the need for inorganic fertilizers or chemical fertilizers. In addition to increasing costs, the use of chemical fertilizers also damage or poison agricultural land. Integration of livestock with forestry, as well as with agriculture at present, have generally been damaged and cut off so that the consequence of dependence on chemical fertilizers is high. Agroforestry and animal husbandry, especially sheep grazing, should be developed, so that the business will be optimal, environmentally friendly and sustainable.

In the implementation technically in energy plantation, the sheep can be grazed directly in the plantation, but by observing the age of the energy plantation trees, the practice is made in rotation. When the energy plantation trees are large enough, then the sheep can be released and grazed in the area, but when the energy plantation trees are still small, the sheep cannot be grazed in the area, because it will damage the growth of the trees . The second technique is to make a sheep colony between or in the middle of the energy plantation. In addition to the sheep colony area, there is also a grazing area for sheep. The grazing is also made rotation according to the availability of grass or sheep feed. The portion of grass from grazing can be made with a ratio of 50:50 with forage, energy plantation waste. All breeders also know, especially sheep farmers, that the feed can be said to be the main component of the livestock business costs. So if the feed can be made as cheap as possible, then automatically profit margin is also high. Imagine if sheep feed had to be imported and expensive, even though the land to graze or grow grass was very broad, this would be foolishness. Forage quality in the form of grasses and leaves is the best feed. The protein content of leguminoceae leaves in the energy plantation is also high, thus producing high quality feed and conversion to lamb meat will also be high.

Grass can grow almost anywhere in Indonesia, because it has a tropical climate and fertile soil. We do not need to bother planting these grasses, even in many cases cleaning the grass is a problem. In dry countries like Egypt to get grass, farmers need to plant and care for them. We should be grateful to Allah SWT for these favors. In large-scale energy plantation and sheep farming, irrigation is a very important factor. Allah Almighty created the living from water. The grass will also dry it and die when there is no water, as well as the energy plantation trees - even though these types of trees are very efficient in water use.

Kitab Al Filaha, the Book of Phenomenal Agriculture in the Age of the Umayyad Caliphate in Andalusia Who Becomes European Referral For Centuries.

A good irrigation system must be built in the area and that is not a difficult job. In the Umayyad Caliphate in Andalusia the waterways were built even from distant and mountainous sources, to meet the water needs of the city, including their agriculture and livestock. Rainfall in Andalusia (Spain today) is also low namely 640 mm / year, while Indonesia averages 2700 mm / year but their agriculture and livestock are very advanced, even becoming a European reference for centuries after. Islamic civilization in Andalusia is not only the beauty of the building of its mosque, palace, urban spatial planning, science, but also its economy and prosperity, namely the fulfillment of its food from their agriculture and livestock. History is always repetitive, and we can work on it by studying the Islamic civilization and knowing what factors support it. Whereas in the contemporary era, we can see that the Netherlands with its irrigation network has been able to boost its bioeconomics, both in the food, energy and material sectors. Bioeconomics is based on animals and plants as objects, which Allah created from water: "... And from the water We make all things alive. Why then do they not believe? "(Qur'an 21: 30), so that fulfilling water needs will optimize its growth. There is no life without water. Bioeconomics in Europe aims to drive the economy by € 2 trillion (around 34,000 trillion rupiah or around 17 times the Indonesian state budget) by absorbing 20 million workers.

Sheep Transport Ship With a Capacity of Up to 40,000 Sheep / Shipment

Then how is the lamb meat market? Currently the largest sheep market is Saudi Arabia, with an estimated 8 million head / year or a quarter (2 million head) in the Haj season. While for the domestic market the demand is not large, except for Idhul Adha. How to increase the consumption of lamb? To accelerate the increase in lamb meat, humanitarian agencies can work with the sheep farm. Innovation can be made by the way the lamb meat is cooked and then canned so that long lasting. Ready-to-eat food products that were canned before also have been circulating in the market such as the  gudeg, rendang, green lombok soup and so on, so that it is also possible for processed lamb meat like tongseng, gule and satay. At present if humanitarian agencies donate food to our brothers and sisters victims of conflict areas such as Palestine, Syria, Afghanistan and Rohingnya, then canned meat of sheep should be part of the package. Don't prioritize instant noodles, which are imported raw materials and very few importers (monopoly / oligopoly). In addition, ready-to-eat canned lamb is also marketed at domestic outlets so that the interest in consumption of lamb meat continues to increase, especially among the majority of Muslims in this country.

In addition agroforestry productivity increase with the quality, other industrial sectors that benefit from the development of sheep farming are the leather industry and the textile industry. Sheep slaughtered in Indonesia, the skin and fur will become the raw material for the leather industry and textile industry. Jackets, wallets, and bags are some of the products of the sheep skin-based leather industry. Furthermore, wool yarn which has been mostly imported, can be reduced or even eliminated by massive sheep farms and energy plantations. How beautiful if the Prophet's sunnah can be implemented, especially other plantations such as 12 million hectares of oil palm plantations; coconut 3.7 million hectares; 3.4 million hectares of rubber and so on are very potential for the sheep farm business. When faith in piety is increasingly implemented in everyday life so that bank interest rates can be eliminated or 0%, then wealth becomes a blessing, passion for business and greater competitiveness and innovative concepts for good can be realized immediately. And when the economy is controlled and driven by good people, goodness will be widespread in various parts of the world. Insha Allah.